1. The Reformation (Review)
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
PAPAL STATES
INDULGENCES
MILLENARIANISM
SIMONY
NEPOTISM
95 THESES
PEACE OF AUGSBURG
HUGUENOTS
EDICT OF NANTES
ANGLICAN CHURCH
ACT OF SUPREMACY
LUTHERANISM
CALVINISM
PREDESTINATION
ANABAPTISTS
SOCIETY OF JESUS
COUNCIL OF TRENT

2. Causes of the Reformation
1. Roman Catholic Church weaknesses
a. decline of Church prestige (Black Death (1300s), Babylonian Captivity (1300s) & Great Western Schism ( s) AVIGNON vs. ROME
b. pope too worldly
c. indulgences (Pope Leo X/Tetzel)
d. simony/nepotism
2. Message of Christian humanists
Rabelais, Thomas More, Erasmus (calls for reform within the Catholic Church/individual Bible interpretation)
Vernacular, Greek translations of Bible vs. Latin , Latin Mass, Vulgate (5th century)

3. Causes of the Reformation
3. Martin Luther’s influence:
a. humanistic education , millenarianism
b. his forerunners: John Wycliffe (England 1300s), Jan Hus (Bohemia s)
c. series of works On Christian Liberty, Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Freedom of Christian Man. He stated his beliefs:
1-salvation through faith alone
2- Bible vs. power of pope
3- Sacraments (3 vs. 7)
4-Transubstantiation vs. Consubstantiation
5-Against celibacy, worship of saints
d. Appealed to nobles, princes of German states
1.Church ruled by state
2.Address to Christian Nobility of German Nations
3. The Freedom of the Christian Man
4. Peasants Revolt/ rejection of other sects (Anabaptists and Anti-Trinitarians)
e. Expansion of Luther’s ideas: Ulrich Zwingli (Switzerland) ; John Calvin (Switzerland)Calvinists, Presbyterians, Huguenots, Puritans) ; Anglicanism (England)

4. Success of Reformation
1-Resentment 2-Slow response from Catholic Church a. Papal Bull (1520) b Diet of Worms (Charles V, Frederick of Saxony) 3-Printing press (95 theses) 4-Appealing 5-Successful in Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland, England (less successful in South and East)

5. Roman Catholic response to Reformation
1- Counter reformation and Catholic Reformation 2-Council of Trent a. Firmly established beliefs b. passed reforms to end abuses such as nepotism and simony c. mandatory seminary education of clergy d. call for more religious art, development of Baroque art 3-Society of Jesus (Jesuits) a. Ignatius of Loyola b. missionaries/educators c. reformed church, ended abuses 4-Mysticism movement: spiritual revival, leaders St. Theresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross 5-Inquisition/Index of Banned (Forbidden) books

6. FRQ prompts
1. Compare and contrast the Lutheran Refomration and the Catholic Reformation of the 16th century regarding the reform of both religious doctrines and religious practices.
2. Discuss the political and social consequences of the Protestant Reformation in the first half of the 16th century.
3. To what extent did political authorities influence the course of the Protestant Reformation during the 16th century?

7. War in Germany
Dutch Revolt against Spain
League of Schamalkaden (Charles V and the Sack of Rome 1527) 2-Peace of Augsburg (1555) “he who rules his religion” (Lutherans and Catholics)
Philip II
Calvinism vs. Catholicism (Duke of Alba/Council of Troubles (Blood) )
Calvinist Union of Utrecht (present day Netherlands)
Southern provinces (Belgium) 1648

8. Civil War in France
1-Concordat of Bologna (1516) and Francis I (9 civil wars) 3-St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 4-Henry IV of Navarre 1589 (Edict of Nantes)

9. Thirty Years War
1-Peace of Augsburg not enough 2-Protestant Union ( German states, English, French, Dutch) vs. Catholic League (Spain, Habsburg Empire) 3- Who fought each other? 2-First Continental war involving all major powers