1. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE

2. LUTHERANISM  Lutheran princes formed Schmalkaldic League  War with Charles V, 1546  Peace of Augsburg, 1555: affirmed individual rulers’ right to chose religion  Revolt against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (r.1516-1556) THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE

3. CALVINISM  Agreed with Luther on justification by faith  Disagreed on transubstantiation  Stressed predestination  only “elect” were saved John Calvin (1509-1564)

4. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE CALVINISM  State should be subject to religious law  Set up model community in Geneva  established strict theocracy Calvin and the Geneva Elders

5. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE CALVINISM  Did not accept any ideas more radical than own  Ideas spread through Europe  Followers included Puritans (England), Presbyterians (Scotland), Huguenots (France) Miguel Servetus

6. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Political aspirations of Henry VIII  defender of Catholicism  but needed male heir  Pope refuses divorce Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn

7. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Political aspirations of Henry VIII  passed Act of Supremacy (1534)  executed Sir Thomas More Sir Thomas More (1473-1535)  founded Anglican Church

8. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Two movements laid foundations: Wycliffe rebellion of 14 th c. Spread of Northern Humanism Wycliffe distributes English Bible

9. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Henry did little to change doctrine  Protestantism rose under son Edward VI Edward VI (r. 1547-1553)

10. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Mary Tudor reinstated Catholicism  persecuted thousands Mary Tudor (r. 1553-1558)

11. THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Elizabeth I restored Church of England (Anglican Church) Protestant in practice Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1601) doctrine ambiguous imposed on all subjects