1. The Expansion of Greece CH 5 section 5

2. Chapter Review The Olympic games were held every 4 years in honor of who? Who wrote the first Athenian law code? Who made sure the king stayed within the law? What is the name of the male slave that taught boys manners? What is carving small flat plots of land on hillsides?

3. The Persian Wars The Persians were taking over Asia and moved into Asia Minor taking control over the Greeks who had settled the region In 500 BC the Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Persians Athens helped these city-states in their rebellion beginning a series of wars between Athens and Persia known as the Persian Wars Darius the Persian leader easily crushed the Greek uprising

5. The Persian Wars {Started when Athens helped Greek city-states in Asia minor during an uprising} To punish Athens he invaded Greece Though outnumbered at the Battle of Marathon the Athenians defeated the Persians The Battle of Marathon also gave rise to the legend that the Athenian herald Pheidippides ran from the battlefield to Athens to announce the Greek victory before dropping dead. This run is the basis for the modern track and field event. Peace lasted 10 Years

7. Xerxes Son of Darius In 480 BC led another army and naval fleet against the Greeks This time several Greek City-states united to stop them They forced them to pass through a narrow passage in the north called the hot gates Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans and some soldiers from Athens met the Persians and held for 3 days

9. The Hot Gates

10. The Spartans were betrayed by Ephialtes who showed the Persians a goat pass through the mountain that allowed the Persians to surround the Greeks The Spartans refused to surrender and all of them were killed This bought the other city-states time to prepare their troops Themistocles (Athens Leader) encouraged Athenians to leave the city which the Persians later destroyed {Themistocles Sank much of the Persian fleet at the Salamis Strait which was too narrow for the Persian Navy}

11. Xerxes

12. Persian War Finale The Persian Navy was larger than the Greeks, but the Greek ships were more maneuverable In the narrow strait the Greeks sank much of the Persian fleet The Athenians and Spartans joined forces at Plataea to stop the Persians This brought an end to the Persian wars The Greeks rebuilt their cities and were able to build an empire in the Aegean sea The Persians continued to invade Greek

14. Results of the Persian wars Threat of invasion from the Persians still existed The Spartans wanted Greek unity under their own leadership, but they feared a helot uprising and never sent their troops out for long Athens created the {Delian League an alliance of city-states with Athens as the leader Over 140 Other city-states contributed money or ships for protection Pericles used the money for the good of Athens which caused resentment}

15. Age of Pericles The leader of Athens and was a great general, orator and statesman He helped Athens reach the peak of its power and wealth He made changes that allowed Athens to achieve truer democracy Office holders in Govt. were paid a salary He strengthened and extended the empire that Athens built Kept the Persians out oh the Aegean sea

17. Age of Pericles The Athenian system of weights and measures became the standard throughout the Empire He brought stability and prosperity throughout the Eastern Mediterranean However the members of the Delian league received these benefits but lost some independence The Government in Athens was democratic but they forced their decisions on the other city- states They occasionally had to send in troops to put down rebellions

18. (Cimon was an Athenian General)

19. Peloponnesian War Sparta Vs Athens Both were young city-states and had been rivals for years Sparta with the stronger army started the fighting by invading the Attic peninsula Athenians withdrew behind the walls of Athens their navy was strong enough to get food into Athens This meant that the Spartans were not able to starve Athens out The siege continued for years and plague broke out killing many Athenians including Pericles

20. Peloponnesian War continued The fighting was on and off for the next 27 years with periods of peace {Sparta gets help from the Persians blocked the food supply and finally starves Athens into surrendering} This resulted in an unstable Greece in which the Spartans then Thebes tried to control all of Greece They were defeated and the wars between the city-states continued

23. Section Review When did the Persian war start for Athens? Who sank much of the Persian fleet at the Salamis Strait which was too narrow for the Persian Navy? What did Pericles do that caused resentment? In the Peloponnesian war who got help from the Persians?

24. The End?

25. Test Coming Soon! So Study