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Skeletal, Muscular and Integumentary Systems
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Body Systems
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Skeletal System – 206 bones
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Skeleton Functions Supports and shapes the body
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Skeleton Functions Protection of internal organs
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Skeleton Functions Muscles and bones provide movement
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Skeleton Functions Mineral storage – calcium and phosphorus salts
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Skeleton Functions Blood cells formation
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Skeleton Parts Bone marrow – soft tissue at the center of bones
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Skeleton Parts Joints – place where one or more bones meet
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Skeleton Parts Cartilage – line surface of bones; does not contain blood vessels
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Skeleton Parts Ligaments – elastic tissue that hold the bones together
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Axial Skeleton (green)
Support the central axis of the body: skull, vertebrae, and rib cage
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Appendicular Skeleton (lavender)
Bones of the arms and legs, pelvis and shoulder blades
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Structure of Bones Periosteum – tough layer of connective tissue
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Structure of Bones Compact bone – dense thick layer beneath the periosteum
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Structure of Bones Harvesian canals – part of the compact bone where nerves and blood vessels run through
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Structure of Bones Spongy bone – at the end of long bones and in the middle of flat bones, add strength to bones
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Spongy Bone
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Structure of Bones Bone marrow – cavities within the bone that contain soft tissue
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Bone Marrow Yellow bone marrow – cells store fat
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Bone Marrow Red bone marrow – produces most types of blood cells
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Active sites of red bone marrow
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Bone Marrow Transplant
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Bone Marrow Transplant
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Bone Marrow Transplant
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Bone Processes Ossification – bone formation, begins at 7 months before birth
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Bone Cells Osteoblasts – secrete mineral deposits that replace cartilage in developing bones
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Bone Cells Osteocyte – mature osteoblast, help maintain mineral in bones
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Bone Cells Osteoclast – break down bone mineral to avoid build up
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Bone Disorders Osteoporosis – weak bones due to loss of density
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Osteoporosis prevention
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Effects of osteoporosis
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Joints – permit bone to move without damaging each other
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Immovable Joints Bones that grow together until they are fused, allow no movement
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Slightly Movable Joints
Bones separated from each other and permit a small amount of movement
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Freely Movable Joints Permit movement in two or more directions
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Ball-and-Socket Joint
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Hinge Joint Back and forth motion
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Saddle Joint Bone can slide in two directions
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Pivot Joint Bone rotate or turn around another
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Joint Injuries ACL - ligament in knee prevents the tibia from shifting too far foward
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ACL Injury
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Joint Injuries Bursitis – inflammation due to synovial fluid build up
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Bursitis
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Joint Injuries Osteoarthritis – cartilage break down caused by wear and tear over the years
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Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis
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Never Forget Your Skeleton
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Muscular System Tendons – bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones
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Tendonitis
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Types of Muscles Skeletal muscles – usually attached to bones
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Skeletal muscles
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Smooth Muscle Move your internal organs
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Cardiac Muscle
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Types of Muscles
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Voluntary Muscle Muscles you can control: skeletal muscles
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Involuntary Muscle Muscles you cannot control
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What does doing this help to relieve?
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Answer: Relieves Headaches
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Exercise and Health 1. important for good health
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Exercise and Health 2. Good body tone
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Exercise and Health 3. aerobic exercise – increase physical endurance
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Exercise and Health 4. Bone strength – thicker and stronger and less likely to be injured
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Exercise and Health 5. resistance exercise
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Exercise and Health 6. Live longer
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Be fit
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Or be big
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Integumentary System
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Function of Skin - Protection
a. barrier against pathogens and debris
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Function of Skin - Protection
b. prevents body from drying out
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Function of Skin - Protection
c. UV radiation
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Function of Skin - Protection
d. Nails protect fingers and toes
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Function of the Skin 2. temperature regulation – keep enough heat in to maintain normal body temperature
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Temperature Regulation
Hair prevents heat loss from the head
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Function of the Skin 3. Excretion – release of sweat that contains waste products
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Function of the Skin 4. Sensory receptor – information gathering: pressure, heat, cold, and pain
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Function of the Skin 5. Vit. D production – needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine
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Layers of the Skin 1. Epidermis – outer layer of the skin
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Epidermis a. Dead cells layer
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Epidermis b. Living cells replace dead ones every 4-6 weeks
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Epidermis c. Keratin (protein) – basic component of hair and nails
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Epidermis d. Melanin – absorbs UV radiation
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Layer of the Skin 2. Dermis – lies beneath the epidermis
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Dermis a. Makes collagen
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Dermis b. Contains blood vessels
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Dermis c. Nerve endings
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Dermis d. Sebum – oily substance to keep the epidermis waterproof; acidic to kill bacteria
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Dermis e. Smooth muscle
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Hair Follicles – pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis
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Nails Keratin plate-like that protects the fingers and toes
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Skin Problems 1. Acne – develop when sebum and dead skin cells form a plug in the hair follicle
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Skin Problems 2. Hives – red welts caused by an allergic reaction to food or medicine
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Skin Problems 3. Skin cancer – abnormal growth of cells in the skin
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Skin Cancer a. Melanoma – most dangerous form
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Skin Cancer b.
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The End
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