1. Property Crime To Catch a Thief: Physical Security of Your Plant Samuel Palos, CSRM, ARM

2. Outline Definitions Review of FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Data Assessing Crime Foreseeability Understanding the Property Thief Theft Prevention Other Options Other Developing Trends in Crime Affecting Businesses Resource Material

3. Definitions Theft Theft is the generic term for all crimes in which a person intentionally and fraudulently takes personal property of another without permission or consent and with the intent to convert it to the taker's use (including potential sale) Burglary Burglary is breaking and entering of the dwelling of another at night with an intent to commit a felony therein. It is an offense against possession and habitation.

4. Definitions Robbery Robbery is similar to theft, but with the added element of force or use of a weapon. A robbery is committed if in the course of committing a theft someone:  Uses force against the person of the owner or any person present with intent to overcome his physical resistance or physical power of resistance; or  Threatens the imminent use of force against the person of the owner or any person present with intent to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property

5. Uniform Crime Report Property Crimes include: Burglary Larceny-Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Data Collection-Hierarchy Rule

6. National Trend Property Crime Overview There were an estimated 9,737,915 property crime offenses in the Nation in 2008 The 2-year trend showed property crime decrease 0.8 percent in 2008 compared with 2007 estimates. The 5-year trend, comparing 2008 with 2004, showed a 5.3 percent drop in property crime In 2008, the rate of property crimes was an estimated 3,212.5 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants. The property crime rate was 8.6 percent lower than the 2004 rate and 14.2 percent under the 1999 rate. An estimated 17.2 billion dollars in losses resulted from property crimes in 2008.

7. Regional Property Crime Trend-2008

8. Western Region Property Crime Data: 2007-2008 YearPopulationNumberRate per 100,000 200770,096,9502,342,8553,342.3 200870,854,9482,267,8253,200.7 Percent Change-3.2-4.2

9. Nevada Property Crime Data: 2007-2008 YearPopulationNumberRate per 100,000 20072,535,38296,9163,777.8 20082,600,16789,6403,447.5 Percent Change-7.5-8.7

10. Nevada Property Crime Data by Counties: 2007 CountyProperty Crime BurglaryLarceny-Theft Carson City1103286723 Washoe1755563954 Churchill266109143 Douglas920202663 Elko1959580 Esmeralda312 Eureka26914 Humboldt5826

11. Nevada Property Crime Data by Counties: 2007 CountyProperty Crime BurglaryLarceny-Theft Lincoln36422 Lyon777244465 Mineral3214 Nye989340501 Pershing42210 White Pine767

12. Nevada Property Crime Data by Counties: 2008 CountyProperty Crime BurglaryLarceny-Theft Carson City1265291874 Storey642337 Washoe1516530824 Churchill20568119 Douglas747193509 Elko1889180 Esmeralda1053 Eureka1769 Humboldt482718

13. Nevada Property Crime Data by Counties: 2008 CountyProperty Crime BurglaryLarceny-Theft Lincoln34728 Lyon781253455 Mineral24147 Nye892275507 Pershing512523 White Pine1114555

14. Assessment: Crime Foreseeability Three factors to consider when assessing crime foreseeability. 1.Nature of Premises 2.Crime Demographics 3.Location

15. Nature of Premises Premises type and nature Hours of operation Open to the public Type of clientele Type of service or product

16. Crime Demographics Which crime classifications are relevant Relevant radius around the incident Proper time frame Type and precision of data available

17. Location General location in the city Relationship to other businesses Population density Economic demographics of the relevant area Proximity to major traffic arteries Other specific elements include ‒ ground or upper floor ‒ Public common area or semiprivate area

18. Levels of Crime Foreseeability 1.Not Foreseeable 2.Low 3.Moderate 4.High

19. Understanding the Property Thief Rational choice theory: property thieves decide to commit a crime by weighing its risk vs. reward. Property criminals view properties differently—proximity of residential areas Available targets equates to money Property crimes are usually one of stealth—no confrontation or identified Studies show that most property criminals live nearby their target areas and are familiar with neighborhood Property thieves usually know the terrain and escape routes

20. Criminal Deterrence Recognizing and addressing the lower levels of criminal motivation is the first key to successful deterrence Key Points to Remember A criminal’s motivation to commit a crime is at its lowest during the first visit to a property Criminal motivation increases with familiarity of the property Success in criminal activity will motivate to continue committing more crimes Much more difficult to deter a criminal who has been successful in committing crimes on any property

21. Criminal Deterrence Entrances to property Perimeter of the building Lighting Signage

22. Preventing Theft Prevention efforts have their limitations. Organizations should review their current prevention efforts along with the level of foreseeable crime and evaluate if any of the following examples would effectively deter a property thief.

23. Preventing Theft Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Reducing the Expected Reward Target Removal Practical Tips Other Options

24. Preventing Theft Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) CPTED considers the physical environment and its effects on crime prevention. There are 4 basic categories in CPTED 1.Natural Surveillance-addresses the ability to see 2.Territoriality-involves establishing ownership of space 3.Access Control-Barriers, limited access 4.Maintenance-shows care for property

25. Reducing the Expected Reward Property Marking If the property is identifiable, the thief may not be able to sell the stolen goods. This reduces the “reward” value of the items. Mark any valuable equipment your business may have— computers, cash registers, tools, etc. Mark equipment with the business name or identifiable number Tamper proof ink-tags are another effective way of reducing the value of a product Record the serial numbers of office equipment

26. Target Removal If there is nothing desirable to steal then your business is at less risk of being a victim of a property crime. 1.Keep valuable products and supplies in a safe place 2.Store business checks and cash in a safe 3.Leave the cash register drawer open and empty 4.Remove expensive products from being visible through windows to reduce temptation

27. Theft Prevention Use a commercial American lock on all hasps, gates, anchors and containers Reason: The round chromed lock that resembles a flying saucer has proven itself against breakage by professional criminals. Bolt cutters cannot cut them. If local ordinances allow put razor wire on top of any fence enclosing an area. Reason: Very difficult to climb over without getting cut. Well designed Use case hardened steel lines Reason: They are harder to manipulate and cut

28. Theft Prevention If in a high crime area or crime is highly foreseeable, get a watch dog Reason: They serve as an alarm and crime deterrent. If in a high crime area or crime is highly foreseeable, get a security guard Reason: A guard with a cell phone is the fastest way to get police protection Protect the hasp on storage containers outside buildings and garages Reason: Any lock you get is only as good as the hasp its on. Hasps should be bolted to building and door

29. Theft Prevention Place motion sensors over entry points Reason: Shows that entry points are being monitored Whenever possible, double lock Reason: Time and attention are the enemies of thieves. Put bars on windows Reason: Windows can be broken. Bars take time to remove

30. Theft Prevention Use reinforced metal doors and multiple locks— especially on alley exits Reason: Metal doors cannot be split with a sledgehammer or ax. Older buildings may not have a fire door. Bar doors with cross bar on back entrances Reason: Back entrances, especially in alleys, are not visible to the public. Get a burglar alarm/security system Reason: Alerts security companies and/or police—can scare away the casual thief

31. Theft Prevention Get a safe Reason: It takes time to break into a safe—time they don’t have if there is an alarm system Video Reason: Motion activated cameras won’t prevent a break-in but can assist in capturing and convicting a thief.

32. Other Options Certified Crime Prevention Business Program (CCPB) The Program Purpose is to encourage businesses to become more involved in reducing the opportunity for crimes to occur at their establishments. It raises awareness and increases communication and cooperation between businesses and the Police department. The Process The CCPB has 4 elements : 1.Written policies/procedures that address crimes or threats relevant to your particular business 2.Train employees in crime prevention 3.Onsite security assessment 4.Designate a contact person to be a liaison

33. Other Options-CCPB Business Strategy Mandatory elements in prevention policies include robbery prevention, burglary prevention, vendor theft prevention, internal theft prevention, workplace violence prevention and emergency preparedness. Incentives Possible reduction of insurance premiums Free risk-reduction/security assessment and report Crime alerts to member businesses A visible sign that sends a clear message that the business is serious about crime prevention

34. Other Options Certified Crime Free Business (CFB) Crime Prevention Assessments/Evaluations

35. Other Potential Risks of Theft Internal Theft/Robbery Key Control Bag Check Background Check Cash Handling Procedures Policy on changing safe/lock box combinations Cameras

36. Other Potential Risks of Theft Cybercrime Anti-virus software on all city/county owned equipment Firewalls Backup data Computer use policy Monitor visitor activity on city/county websites

37. Resource Material Checklists Online Resources