1. ATHLETE’S FOOT -Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that develops in the moist areas between your toes and sometimes on other parts of your foot. -Athlete's foot usually causes itching, stinging and burning -Make sure to keep your feet dry to prevent Athlete’s Foot

2. CORNS AND CALLUSES Corns are smaller than calluses and have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin. Corns tend to develop on parts of your feet that don't bear weight, such as the tops and sides of your toes, though they can also be found in weight-bearing areas. Corns can even develop between your toes. Corns can be painful when pressed. Calluses usually develop on the soles of your feet, especially under the heels or balls, on your palms, or on your knees. Calluses are rarely painful and vary in size and shape, though they're often larger than corns.

3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPRAIN AND STRAIN -A sprain is an injury to a ligament. -The ligaments can be injured by being stretched too far from their normal position. -When too much force is applied to a ligament, such as in a fall, the ligaments can be stretched or torn; this injury is called a sprain. -A strain can either be a stretching or tear of the muscle or tendon. -Muscles are made to stretch, but if stretched too far, or if stretched while contracting, an injury called a strain my result. stretched while contracting -A strain can either be a stretching or tear of the muscle or tendon.

4. HAMMER TOE -Hammertoe is a foot deformity that occurs most often in women who wear high heels or shoes with a narrow toe box. -These types of footwear may force your toes against the front of the shoe, causing an unnatural bending. -A hammertoe has an abnormal bend in the middle joint of a toe -Relieving the pain and pressure of hammertoe and mallet toe may involve changing your footwear and wearing shoe inserts.

5. MORTON’S NUEROMA -Morton's neuroma is a painful condition that affects the ball of your foot, most commonly the area between your third and fourth toes. -Morton's neuroma may feel as if you are standing on a pebble in your shoe or on a fold in your sock. -Morton's neuroma involves a thickening of the tissue around one of the nerves leading to your toes. -This can cause a sharp, burning pain in the ball of your foot. Your toes also may sting, burn or feel numb. -High-heeled shoes have been linked to the development of Morton's neuroma. 0Many people experience relief by switching to lower heeled shoes with wider toe boxes. -Sometimes corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary.

6. -BUNIONS A bunion is an abnormal, bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of your big toe. -Bunions form when your big toe pushes up against your other toes, forcing your big toe joint in the opposite direction, away from normal profile of your foot. -Over time, the abnormal position enlarges your big toe joint, further crowding your other toes and causing pain. -Bunions can occur for a number of reasons, but a common cause is wearing shoes that fit too tightly. -Bunions can also develop as a result of an inherited structural defect or stress on your foot or a medical condition, such as arthritis. -Smaller bunions — bunionettes — can also develop on the joint of your little toes.

7. BunionsCorns and CallusesCornsHammer Toe Morton’s Nueroma

8. BURSITIS -Bursitis (bur-SY-tis) is a painful condition that affects the small fluid-filled pads — called bursae (bur-SEE) — that act as cushions among your bones and the tendons and muscles near your joints. -Bursitis occurs when bursae become inflamed. -The most common locations for bursitis are in the shoulder, elbow and hip. -But you can also have bursitis by your knee, heel and the base of your big toe. -Bursitis often occurs near joints that perform frequent repetitive motion. -Treatment typically involves resting the affected joint and protecting it from further trauma. -In most cases, bursitis pain goes away within a few weeks with proper treatment, but recurrent flare-ups of bursitis are common.

9. NURSEMAID’S ELBOW -The elbow bone is connected to the elbow joint by elastic bands called ligaments. -These ligaments grow stronger and tighter as a child grows older. -In little kids and babies, the ligaments are still loose. -This makes it easy for the elbow to slip out of place. -Nursemaid's elbow is a common injury among toddlers and preschoolers.toddlers -It may happen in babies, too.

10. CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME -Carpal tunnel syndrome is a progressively painful hand and arm condition caused by a pinched nerve in your wrist. -A number of factors can contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome, including the anatomy of your wrist, certain underlying health problems and possibly patterns of hand use. -The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway — about as big around as your thumb — located on the palm side of your wrist. -This tunnel protects a main nerve to your hand and nine tendons that bend your fingers. -Compression of the nerve produces the numbness, pain and, eventually, hand weakness that characterize carpal tunnel syndrome.

11. TENNIS ELBOW -Tennis elbow is a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overworked, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. -The pain of tennis elbow occurs primarily where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to a bony bump on the outside of your elbow. -Pain can also spread into your forearm and wrist. Rest and over-the-counter pain relievers often help relieve tennis elbow. -If conservative treatments don't help or if symptoms are disabling, your doctor might suggest surgery.

12. CONDITIONS OF THE KNEE

13. ILLIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME

14. OSGOOD-SCHLATER SYNDROME -Osgood-Schlatter disease can cause a painful lump below the kneecap in children and adolescents experiencing growth spurts during puberty. -Osgood-Schlatter disease occurs most often in children who participate in sports that involve running, jumping and swift changes of direction — such as soccer, basketball, figure skating and ballet.

15. MENISCUS INJURIES -A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries. -Any activity that causes you to forcefully twist or rotate your knee, especially when putting the pressure of your full weight on it, can lead to a torn meniscus. -Each of your knees has two menisci — C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act like a cushion between your shinbone and your thighbone. -A torn meniscus causes pain, swelling and stiffness. Your knee might feel unstable, as if it's going to collapse. -Conservative treatment — such as rest, ice and medication — is sometimes enough to relieve the pain of a torn meniscus and give the injury time to heal on its own. -In other cases, however, a torn meniscus requires surgical repair.

17. PATELLOFEMORAL SYNDROME -The cartilage under your kneecap is a natural shock absorber. -Overuse, injury or other factors may lead to a condition known as patellofemoral pain syndrome. -The most common symptom is knee pain that increases when you walk up or down stairs. -Simple treatments — such as rest and ice — often help, but sometimes physical therapy or even surgery is needed to ease patellofemoral pain.

18. PATELLA TENDONITIS -Patellar tendinitis is an injury that affects the tendon connecting your kneecap (patella) to your shinbone. -The patellar tendon plays a pivotal role in the way you use your leg muscles. -It helps your muscles extend your knee so that you can kick a ball, run uphill and jump up in the air. -Patellar tendinitis is most common in athletes whose sports involve frequent jumping — such as basketball and volleyball. -For this reason, patellar tendinitis is commonly known as jumper's knee. -For most people, treatment of patellar tendinitis begins with physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the muscles around the knee.

19. SUBLUXATIONS -A subluxation may have different meanings, depending on the medical specialty involved.medical -It implies the presence of an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint dislocationjoint -The World Health Organization (WHO) defines both the medical subluxation and the chiropractic subluxation.World Health Organizationchiropractic subluxation -Both are "significant structural displacement, and therefore visible on static imaging studies."static imaging studies

20. What are taping consideration for the knee? -Ligaments provide support to the knee from rotational forces, inward forces and outward forces. -Tape on the knee breaks down quickly, especially in larger athletes. Therefore support can be lost quickly. -If the ligaments can not provide the required support because of injury and taping can not maintain the required support, taping is not a consideration as loss of support can be devastating to the knee. -Therefore support from dangerous forces on the knee can not be effectively maintained by taping. -It is therefore much more effective to use a brace.

21. MECHANISMS OF INJURIES Direct Blow A Force is applied to a part of the body Causes beaks and contusions (Internal Bleeding) Torsion Load application with axial rotation Force onto twisting Shearing One part of the body is going one way overtop of another part of the body going the other way ACL injuries are quite often shearing Brain injuries are quite often shearing Bending & Twisting of Bones An Athlete gets bent over and something gives