1. Alcohol ALCOHOL NOTEMAKER A Alcohol is a depressant. It alters mood, thinking and behavior. The intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic drinks is ethyl alcohol (ETHANOL). Pure alcohol has no color or taste. Alcoholic drinks get their color and flavor from the ingredients used to make them. The Least You Need to Know: 1. Short term vs. Long term effects … 2. What is a ‘ standard drink …’ 3. What is BAC? 4. What is oxidation? 5. How long to oxidize 1 drink? 6. Sobering Myths … 7. Factors influencing absorption … 8. F.A.S. (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) 9. Factors contributing to alcoholism.

2. Path of Alcohol 1. Mouth: alcohol enters the body. 2. Stomach: ¼ of alcohol gets in the bloodstream in the stomach, but most goes on to the small intestine. 3. Small Intestine: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. 4. Heart: pumps alcohol throughout the body. 5. Brain: alcohol reaches the brain. 6. Liver: alcohol is oxidized by the liver at a rate of about 1 drink per hour. Alcohol is converted into water, C02, & 7 calories/gram.

3. THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL and THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN Brain- first area depressed: speech, thought, restraint, judgment, inhibition Then, spinal cord reflexes and respiration which can be fatal. disturbed sleep patterns, change in REM sleep black-outs may occur (periods of time that can’t be remembered when sober)

4. Effects on Body Continued z Cardiovascular- dilates blood vessels which causes loss of heat *initially increases heart rate, then slows it down z Gastrointestinal- toxic effect on stomach lining *irritates ulcers *increases acid and pepsin secretions (digestive fluid) *nauseant z Sexual Stimulation- too much alcohol abolishes sexual function z Liver- (blood volume circulates through liver every 4 minutes) *cells in liver destroyed *scarring, also called Cirrhosis *fatty liver *can cause death long term

6. Normal Liver, Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis

8. Alcohol and Cancer zLinked to many forms: yLiver yPancreas yStomach yLarge intestine yRectum yBreast Worsens with combined use of tobacco products (oral and throat)

9. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome #1 cause of preventable mental retardation Results in wide set eyes, flat/broad nose, small head, and learning disabilities

10. How much alcohol is in 1 drink? zAmounts of alcohol: (2/3 ounce of pure ethanol) Same for all below!! *shot of hard liquor (86 proof/ 43% alcohol) *wine- 5 ounces (12% alcohol) *can of beer 12 ounces (4.5% alcohol)

11. Standard Drinks

12. Blood Alcohol Concentration zBlood Alcohol Concentration: measured in percentages *0.01% means 10mg of alcohol per 100mL of blood *maximum BAC is reached within 20-30 minutes zAlcohol poisoning- can happen in one episode of binge drinking (4-5 drinks in under 2 hours) *can be fatal *choke on own vomit or midbrain shuts down which regulates breathing *call 911 if you notice: vomiting, seizures, stupor, coma, can’t awaken, pale skin *once a person passes out, their BAC continues to rise

13. Effects of Alcohol Chart Factors Influencing Absorption Type, #, Size of Drinks Food Body Size Drug Interaction (s)? Gender Gender differences: women tend to be more affected by alcohol than men (< of alcohol metabolizing enzyme)

15. How do you know if someone has a problem with alcohol? Alcoholism- Unable to stop drinking despite damaged health, work/school, and relationships Occurs in 3 Stages: Abuse- gets drunk regularly, blackouts, memory loss, lies about drinking, tolerance occurs Dependence- physically needs drug, tries to hide problem, performance at job/school/home suffers, makes excuses, blames others for their drinking Addiction- drinking is most important in life, out of control, in denial, liver damage common, severe withdrawal if drinking is stopped

16. Withdrawal Symptoms zWill occur, if addicted, within 12-72 hours after last drink zSigns: yShaking yTremors yProfuse sweating yNausea yAnxiety yDiarrhea yHallucinations yDisorientation yDelirium Tremens (seizures, cardiovascular collapse can be fatal) yLasts for 5-7 days

17. Alcoholism Statistics z1 st degree relatives of alcoholics are 2-7x more likely than general population to develop problems with alcohol zTeens who drink before age 15 are 4x more likely to become alcoholics than those who start at 21

18. Treatment zDetoxification zBehavior Therapy zAntabuse Drug Therapy zAlcoholics Anonymous zAlanon (for family) zAlateen (for kids of alcoholics)

19. So, why does alcohol seem like no big deal? zAdvertising yLeads us to believe that alcohol= athletic, social, and sexual success, happiness, healthiness, good times yWe think drinking is normal and glamorous without negative consequences.

21. Use a designated driver, or one will be appointed for you ! Nearly ½ of all TRAFFIC FATALITITES are related to DUI. #1 cause of death to teens DUI Estimated Cost = $10,600 2 year revocation license Zero Tolerance 3 Month/6 Month Suspension

22. Implied Consent Through the process of obtaining a driver’s license, a person in Illinois gives consent to chemical testing. If a police officer has a reasonable belief that person is driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, the officer can request the person to submit to testing. 1.Blood2. Breath3. Urine

23. Sobering Myths Exercise…. Showering… Drinking Coffee….

24. Only TIME will sober you up

25. If at a home party, ask to spend the night or have a trusted adult pick you up.

26. Harm Reduction zWhat do you think about parents allowing teen drinking in their homes? zAdults who buy alcohol for minors or allow teen drinking in their home- first offense yFine up to $2,500 yYear in jail