1. PELİN HASER ÇAĞLA ŞANLI MURAT GÜNDAR

3. What is Marble? Marble is metamorphosed limestone, composed of fairly pure calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). It is extensively used for sculpture, as an building material, and in many other applications.

4. Origins of Marble Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from regional or at times contact metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, either limestone or dolostone. This metamorphic process causes a complete recrystallization of the original rock into an interlocking mosaic of calcite and/or dolomite crystals. The temperatures and pressures necessary to form marble usually destroy any fossils and sedimentary textures present in the original rock.

5. Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of very pure limestones. The characteristic swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert which were originally present as grains or layers in the limestone. Green coloration is often due to serpentine resulting from originally high magnesium limestone or dolostone with silica impurities. These various impurities have been mobilized and recrystallized by the intense pressure and heat of the metamorphism.

6. Kinds of marble  Carrara (Italy)  Pentelicus (Greece)  Proconnesus (Turkey)

7. White marbles, like Carrara, have been prized for sculpture since classical times. This preference has to do with the softness and relative isotropy and homogeneity, and a relative resistance to shattering. Also, the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out, resulting in the characteristic "waxy" look which gives "life" to marble sculptures of the human body.

8. Construction marble In the construction trade, the term "marble" is used for any massive, crystalline calcitic rock (and some non-calcitic rocks) useful as building stone. For example, Tennessee Marble is really a massive, highly fossiliferous gray to pink to maroon Ordovician dolostone, known as the Holston Formation by geologists.

9. Features Marble is available in many colors including white, gray, black, red, pink, yellow and green, and it is characterized by varying patterns and colorful veins. The colors and patterns of marble vary depending upon the region in which the marble was mined.

10. Size A standard marble tile is a 12-inch square and 3/8 inch thick. The edges of marble tiles are usually slightly beveled to reduce chipping during installation.

11. Considerations Dark colored marble may fade when exposed to direct sunlight. Also, marble is easily scratched and stained so you should keep that in mind when choosing marble as a flooring material.

12. Fun Fact Marble tiles with deep and colorful veins may be considered more attractive than plain marble tiles. Unfortunately, those same veins are weak spots in the tile and make the tile more likely to break.

13. CARRARA(ITALY)

18. THIS MARBLE USED; KITCHEN BATHROOM WALL FLOOR STAIRCASES

19. PENTELICUS (GREECE)

20. MARBLE ÜLKEMİZDE MERMERİN ÇIKARILDIĞI YERLER; Afyon, Kütahya, Marmara Adası, Kırşehir, Tokat, İzmir,...

21. COLORS OF MARBLE

25. Travertine is a form of limestone deposited by mineral springs, especially hot springs. Travertine often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and even rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave.limestonemineral springshot springs concentriccalcium carbonate

26. Pros for using Travertine Tile Strong and durable Adds value to your home Easy to Clean - no maintanence Earth tones can match with any furniture or wall covering

27. Cons for Using Travertine Tile Relatively soft, and can stain easily It can scratch very easily

28. Why Choose Travertine Tile? There are so many different materials to choose from when it comes to flooring, so why choose granite tile? To begin with, Travertine tile is a durable and attractive natural stone in a class by itself. Famous structures like the Roman Coliseum stand as a tribute to the long-lasting nature of travertine as a building material. There are many installers today who have used travertine tile as both flooring and as wall tile who will also sing its praises as a practical and uniquely decorative addition to their interiors and exteriors. Travertine tile is a natural material that has unique features that no other stone can offer and is commonly found in earth tones ranging from almost white and pale ivory to rich shades of red and brown, but can also be found in silver and reds. The distinctive design of Travertine creates some of the most distinguished floor tiles. Travertine is ideal for commercial and residential use. It can be used for floor tile, kitchen, bathroom wall tile, bathroom floor tile countertops and it may also be used in showers and tub surrounds.

30. COLORS OF TRAVERTINE

31. TRAVERTINE TEXTURE AND COLOR GENERALLY; TRAVERTINES USED EXTERIOR. SUCH AS; GARDEN WALLS

32.  Granit is obtained from underground and it can be everywhere. Water permeability and patterns are different because of generation time. What is difference between granite and marble?  Granite and marble have different generation time.Generation time of granite is later, because of this granite is harder than marble and less permeable.

33. What are granite’s advantages?  It is hygienic, does not harbor bacteria, stain  Natural texture does not allow the growth of micro-organisms  Durable, scratch resistant, anti-corrosive, non- flammable  Does not change color in the sun

34.  Does not crack in the cold.  Resistant to high temperatures  Easy to clean, does not require periodic maintenance and polishing  Aesthetic, richness of color and texture  Desired sizes and shapes

35. Staircase Counter

36. Special Applications Bathroom

37.  Cimstone belong to Italian BRETON firm. It is produced with advanced technology. Cimstone is very sturdy and durable, because of used quartz in production of cimstone  It is impact-resistant and scratch resistant.  For all that, Cimstone can be damaged permanently, so trivet and chopping board should be used

38. Advantages:  It is hygienic, does not harbor bacteria and stain  Easy to clean, does not require periodic maintenance and polishing  Aesthetic, richness of color and texture  Desired sizes and shapes  Aesthetic, usable for counter, floor, siding and interior wall cladding, baseboard

40.  Basicly, ceramics means baked clay by high temperature.  Today, ceramics is a decoration product which is used on the floor, siding and interior wall cladding. clay + kaolin + quartz + feldspar = ceramics  It is obtained by natural means, so it is an ecological product.  It has three types.

41.  Baked by high temperature  Harder and more resistant than wall tile  It can be used on the wall  Surface coating agent is harder than wall tile,so less wear  The load carrying capacity is more  Water absorption capacity is lower

42.  It is lighter than paving tile  Because of firing at lower, it can absorb more water  It can not be used on the floor  It is less resistant to impact

43.  Some colored particles are added during the cooking process, because of this they like natural stone.  They more durable than the other seramics types, so it is used in the outdoor.  They are waterproofing.  It is freeze-resistant, low risk of slipping, lightfastness.  There are two types, such as glazed pocelain tile and unglazed pocelain tile.

44. Glazed Porcelain Tile :  Color and texture are applied on glazed layer.  Surface is covered with a waterproof layer  Wear value and floor area are important

45. Unglazed Porcelain Tile :  They can be polished or mat.  Polished porcelain tile is less durable than mat tile, but they are prefered for aesthetic quality and variety of colors.

47. Kayrak Taşı Podima Taşı

48.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mW_v3B wWJKM