1. By: Kate Scanlon & Julie Cairone Motion Analysis of a Field Hockey Stroke

2. Equipment Needed: Field Hockey Stick Field Hockey Ball Mouth guard Goalie (with pads and stick) Field Hockey Cage Chin Guards

3. General Rules of the STROKE Ball has to be placed on penalty line Stick cannot make a “tap” sound on the ball; it has to be one fluid motion Stroker can take as many steps behind the ball as they want but only one follow through step past the penalty line Cannot go until the whistle is blown or you don’t get the stroke

4. Objective: get the ball in the cage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93O9x7KSbho&NR=1

5. STANCE PHASE Player stands sideways with stick rested behind ball, with legs slightly bent PRIMARY MOVERS: (isometric) Slight arm extension: triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, anconeus

6. PREPARATORY PHASE Player gets ready to move and stands with both hands on the stick, legs bent, getting ready to transition into the movement phase PRIMARY MOVERS: (concentric) Knee Flexion: sartorius, semitendinosis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus Arm Extension: Biceps brachii, anconeus Back Flexion: erector spinae, rectus abdominis

7. MOVEMENT PHASE Player gets low to use all muscles to power ball PRIMARY MOVERS: ( concentric) Knee Flexion: sartorius, semitendinosis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus Back Flexion: erector spinae, rectus abdominis Arm Flexion: Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis Wrist Flexion (R): Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Wrist Extension (L): Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Lateral Pelvic Rotation: psoas major and minor, gluteus medius, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

8. FOLLOW THROUGH PHASE Player has released ball and is now exaggerating the finish PRIMARY MOVERS: (eccentric) Knee Flexion/ Extension: sartorius, semitendinosis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus; rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medalis Back Flexion: erector spinae, rectus abdominis Arm Extension: triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, anconeus Lateral Pelvic Rotation: psoas major and minor, gluteus medius, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

9. RECOVERY PHASE Player regains stance position PRIMARY MOVERS: (eccentric) Knee Extension: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medalis Back Extension: erector spinae; iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

10. TIPS! Be sure to stretch legs, glutes, and back People underestimate the use of back muscles in this movement and they tend to pull out their back Bend legs to get more power Legs are most important muscles to strengthen Aim for the four corners of the cage when shooting Injuries are pretty rare with strokes as long as player stretches and warms up properly beforehand

11. References: Manual of Structural Kinesiology. R.T. Floyd. Seventeenth Edition. http://usafieldh ockey.com/rules /rules- modifications- comparisons