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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. VUI Guidelines Phil Shinn, Ph.D. pshinn@genesyslab.com Principal Consultant
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 2 Outline Interactive session Introduce a couple of topics Outline pro’s & con’s Open discussion for each item Solicit opinions Other topics?
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 3 Source – VUID yahoo group http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/vuids http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/vuids 288 members since August of 2003 885 messages Trolls & flames
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 4 Topics Sorry Help Naming the persona Press or say Timings Responding to profanity Give me an agent
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 5 Sorry “The time for ‘I’m sorry, I didn’t get that’ … is over. Stick a fork in it. Its done.” See Nass & Brave, chapter 14 “To err is interface; to blame, complex” Don’t ever blame the caller Taking blame results in decreased perceived confidence Scape-goat the ‘system’ Too many sorry’s becomes meaningless It’s a lie that an automated system is actually sorry It’s a waste of time
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 6 Help Should “Help” be a global command? Pro: people might say it Con: misrecognition attractor Giangola, Balogh & Cohen, “Voice User Interface Design” ‘In general, callers must be taught about universal commands, or else they won’t use them. One approach is to mention the help command in the initial prompt, which the user hears when they first enter the system…for example ‘Welcome to Western Valley Bank. If you have a problem while you’re using this service, just say ‘Help’…” (p. 123) If a system requires users to say “help” in order to use it, it is inherently flawed. May be cultural/linguistic differences in how help is perceived
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 7 Help 2 “For most major VUI teams, help is no longer used/advertised as a global.” “I find this discussion very interesting, as I was not aware of the fact … that help is no longer used as a global.” “I’ll take a hard stand against help for two reasons: lack of empirical evidence of it happening in the wild; focusing on help draws attention away from OOG utterences”
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 8 Naming the Persona Hi, I’m Nim, and I’m designing a corporate voice portal. Question is, should the system introduce itself with a name, like “Hi, I’m Nim” (or whatever). Back in the day, a lot of systems were designed with this feature, but I’ve noticed more and more are not.” –Nim Chimpsky Pro’s –Makes the persona more real –Gives callers something to refer to –Seems cool Con’s –Makes the persona more real –Gives callers something to refer to –Seems cool
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 9 Naming the persona 2 “Nim, you have answered your own paradoxical question: your pros are negated by your cons. Forget what others have done. This is no place for monkey see monkey do. Never monkey around with people- aping personas.” Might be benefits for naming internally The uncanny valley creep factor: cavemen & lizards Misrecognition attractors – “around 5% of our callers were using ‘Claire’ in their utterances” Content versus the media
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 10 Press or Say To do X, press or say 1. For Y, press or say 2 Pro’s –People can use the application hands-free –Punching buttons on a cell phone requires breaking the audio channel Con’s –Every prompt now longer –Background noise can cause misrecognition events –More expensive
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 11 Press or Say 2 “Press one” has morphed into “Press or say one” and almost no one elects to say “one” primarily because they’d feel like an idiot talking out loud to absolutely no one.” “…is the most degenerate approach one can possibly dream of, and should be forbidden by the Geneva convention Numberspeak is “…effective in dehumanizing and demeaning a caller … Typical of early speech systems and still suprisingly prevalent today… Responsible in large part for the slow acceptance of telephony voice user interfaces and serious contender for the award for “Most brain dead component” of all time.
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 12 Timings End of speech timeout: 3-5 secs Incompletetimeout default.25 secs Completetimeout:.25 secs Maxspeechtimeout: 60 secs Ep.endseconds default 1 sec Termtimeout Timeout: 7 seconds 5 secs pre-speech Single words (e.g. yes/no questions): 0.75 sec Short menus (e.g. ‘checking’): 1 sec Long menus (e.g. ‘get my balance’): 1.5 secs String sequences (e.g. account numbers): 2 sec 4 digit PINS: 1.5 sec Phone numbers: 2 sec Credit card: 2.5 sec Longer for older populations
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 13 Responding to Profanity Should we put ‘give me a freakin agent’ in the global grammar? If so, how should we respond? Pro: Less OOG Con: misrecognition attractor If detected, perhaps transfer the caller to an agent? “We routinely add expletive words and phrases into our grammars when they fit and move the conversation forward, so someone can say “Hell yes” (or better) to a yes/no question…” Angry people versus wise-guys
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 14 Give me an agent A gethuman standard If people want out of automation, get them out as quickly as possible. Can say something like “OK, you want to speak with an agent. Just so I can direct your call, are you calling about X?” The current expected wait time is seconds. Virtual Hold
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©2003 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. 15 Other Topics? Phil Shinn philshinn@yahoo.com philshinn@yahoo.com pshinn@genesyslabs.com pshinn@genesyslabs.com 310 488 9267 http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/vuids http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/vuids
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