1. LESSON 4: TYPES OF SENTENCES

2. There are two types of sentences in Tagalog: Identificational and Predicational.

3. Si Steven ang gobernador. Steven is the governor.
Type of sentence 1: Identificational
An identificational sentence consists of the topic (subject) before the comment (predicate).
Topic Comment
Si Steven ang gobernador.
Steven is the governor.
Both the topic and the comment are marked by the definite particle ang before the common nouns or si/sina before personal proper names.

4. Type of sentence 2: Predicational
A predicational sentence consists of the comment (predicate) before the topic (subject). This is the more common sentence type in Tagalog.
Comment Topic
Gobernador si Steven.
Steven is a governor.

5. There are three basic predicative sentence patterns in Tagalog:
1. Statement Pattern
2. Question Pattern
3. Response Pattern (to Yes-No Questions)

6. Affirmative statement
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Statement Pattern
1. STATEMENT PATTERN
Affirmative statement
Comment Topic
Doktor si Audri.
The comment can be a noun, an adjective, or verb. Unlike the comment of an identificational sentence, this comment is unmarked by the ang particle, because the sunject is a name of a person marked by si, a person name marker.

7. Hindi + Pronoun + Comment Hindi siya maganda. Hindi ka pulis.
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Statement Pattern
1. STATEMENT PATTERN
B) Negative statement
Hindi Comment Topic
Hindi titser si Eileen.
Hindi, a negative particle, is placed before the basic sentence to make it negative. When the topic is a pronoun, however, the topic precedes the comment and follows hindi immediately as follows:
Hindi Pronoun Comment
Hindi siya maganda.
Hindi ka pulis.

8. 2. QUESTION PATTERN A) Yes-No Question Comment + ba + Topic
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Question Pattern
2. QUESTION PATTERN
A) Yes-No Question
Comment ba Topic
Pilipino ba si Vlad?
Doktor ba siya?
Ba is a question marker that usually follows the first word of a sentence. If, however, the topic is the pronoun ka, then ba is placed after it.
Example:
Pangit ka.
Pangit ka ba?

9. Hindi ba + Comment + Topic Hindi ba dentista si Nelson?
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Question Pattern
2. QUESTION PATTERN
B) Negative Question
Hindi ba Comment Topic
Hindi ba dentista si Nelson?
Doktor ba siya?
As before, when the topic is a pronoun, there is a shift in word order. When the pronoun is ka, ba follows it. In fact, all one syllable words come before BA.
Example:
Hindi ba estudyante si Angelo?
Hindi ba siya Pilipino?
Hindi ka ba Pilipino?

10. 3. RESPONSE PATTERNS TO YES-NO QUESTIONS
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Response Patterns to Yes-No Questions
3. RESPONSE PATTERNS TO YES-NO QUESTIONS
A) Affirmative Response
Oo Comment Topic
Oo, estudyante si Angelo.
Oo, karpentero siya.
A simple “oo” can stand for the whole affirmative response.

11. 3. RESPONSE PATTERNS TO YES-NO QUESTIONS
Three basic predicative sentence patterns: Response Patterns to Yes-No Questions
3. RESPONSE PATTERNS TO YES-NO QUESTIONS
B) Negative Response
In contrast to a negative sentence, the negative response has two hindi’s.
Hindi, hindi siya dentista.
Hindi, hindi Pilipino si Xavier.
Another type of negative response is a combination of a negative statement and an affirmative one. One hindi is used and a pause comes before the true information about the topic.
Question: Pangit ba si Leezel?
Response: Hindi, maganda siya.

12. Other Type of Sentence Pattern:
The subject comes first like in English. Notice the inversion marker AY in the following sentences:
Ex. Siya ay maganda. Or Si Mary ay maganda.