1. A New Kind of Revolution Ch 21 Sec 1 Pages 633-639

2. A couple of things to Answer
What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution?
and 
How did the Industrial Revolution impact the world?

3. A couple of things to Answer
Explain how the Industrial Revolution caused economic, cultural, and political changes around the world. 
 OR
Summarize the origin and spread of the Industrial Revolution

4. What you will learn
In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

5. Revolution in Great Britain
1700s = change in technology
energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery
Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed
this started in Great Britain
WHAT PROVIDED THE ENERGY FOR WORKING BEFORE MACHINES?
(different phrasing) WHO OR WHAT DID THE WORK?
possible answer: humans and animals

6. Crash Course
Coal, Steam, and The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course World History #32 - YouTube#at=49

7. Factors for Success in Great Britain
exploration and colonialism
vast amounts of raw material and new markets of consumers
power of the sea
can bring raw materials to GB and send finished product out
political stability
when at peace in the homeland, general daily living thrives, including commerce.
no battles to fight=more money to spend
exploration and colonialism
HOW COULD EXPLORATION AND COLONIALISM HELP GREAT BRITAIN INDUSTRIALIZE?
possible answer: vast amounts of raw material and new markets of consumers
power of the sea
HOW WOULD HAVING A GOOD CONTROL OF THE SEA HELP GREAT BRITAIN?
(different phrasing) HOW WERE RAW MATERIALS AND GOODS TRANSPORTED?
possible answer: can bring raw materials to GB and send finished product out

8. Factors for Success in Great Britain
government support
Great Britain had laws that favored business
this helped Great Britain compete against other nations
growth of private investment
new businesses need investors to get the start up money to begin
today = “research and development” 8

9. Agricultural Factors- R & D
1701  Jethro Tull invented seed drill
landowners bought up small farms and consolidated them in the enclosure movement
better breeding methods for animals and varieties of food crops were developed, as well
increasing food supply
meant the population
could increase too
seed drill = planted grain at even intervals
much more efficient
enclosure movement
the land bought up was not all farmed  some land was converted into large pastures for the grazing of animals, such as sheep
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALL FARMERS? WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM?
possible answer: they moved to the cities
IF THEIR LAND WAS BOUGHT UP, WHERE DID THEY GO?

10. Factors of Production: Land
Great Britain had great natural resources
coal for fuel
iron for steel & machinery
waterways (rivers & canals) to generate power and transport raw materials and goods
land = all of a place’s natural resources

11. map on left shows coal fields and iron ore deposits
map on right shows rivers that could be use for transporting and canals
NOTICE HOW THE CANALS ARE NEAR THE COAL FIELDS AND IRON ORE DEPOSITS
mid 1700s  England had about 1,000 miles of canals
By 1800  4,000 miles of canals
Great Britain also had deepwater harbors to create ports for long-distance shipping

12. Factors of Production: Labor
Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply
enclosure movement took land away from small farmers
resulted in surplus of available workers
people who lost their farmland were often entire families, who then moved to the cities to work in industry

13. Factors of Production: Capital
capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business
Wealthy business people invested capital to make a profit and not share with workers
capital can be money, machines, or people
people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages
Human Capital
people like Jethro Tull and other inventors were among this group of specialized people

14. A Revolution in Textiles
a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home
making cloth had been a cottage industry
cloth was made mostly with wool
How was cloth made before machines did it?
possible answer: people did it at home
What happened to these skilled people when machines started taking their jobs?
possible answer: out of work, went to the cities to get jobs in the new factories

15. A New Way of Making Cloth
cloth was now made from wool and cotton
more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure movement
cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies
new inventions helped the process of cloth making
WHERE DID THE COTTON COME FROM?
possible answer: colonies in India and North America
WHO HARVESTED THE COTTON?
possible answer: slaves- increased slavery in US (but that is a topic that has been discussed already with the slave trade and is better covered in US history)

16. Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton
invented by Whitney in 1793
HOW WERE THE SEEDS REMOVED BEFORE THE COTTON GIN?
possible answer: by hand

17. Spinning Jenny -1764 invented by James Hargreaves
spun multiple threads at one time
threads were still thick and broke easily

18. Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwright
similar to the spinning jenny
spun stronger, thinner threads
invented in 1768
the spinning frame spun cotton fiber into threads

19. “Flying Shuttle” - 1733 invented by John Kay
pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically
had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle back and forth
allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s width
the flying shuttle doubled the speed at which a worker could do the job
many workers lost their jobs and Kay fled to France to die in poverty

20. Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785
automated the weaving process
was invented because faster spinning machines created demand for faster weaving machines
much larger and faster than any previous weaving system

21. Cloth Making Outside the Home
new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines
machines needed a special place to house them
cloth now made in FACTORIES
Factories were
placed next to
river for water
power
WHERE WOULD ALL OF THESE NEW MACHINES TO MAKE CLOTH GO?
possible answer: factories
in 1770, England produced about 50,000 bolts of cloth
by 1800, it had increased to 400,000 bolts

22. Example of an water powered mill.
Water turned the wheel which provide the power to drive the new machines.

23. Steam Powers the Revolution
steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing
water vapors expand when hot
steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen

24. Newcomen Steam Engine

25. Development of the Steam Engine
James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient
Watt’s engine was better suited for factories
1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive
1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

26. The Impact of the Railroad

27. Development of the Steam Engine
WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF STEAM POWER OVER WATER POWER FOR USE IN FACTORIES?
a factory doesn’t have to be near a waterway, meaning factories could also be nearer cities and/or ports where finished product had to end up
steam-powered trains made it possible to ship finished goods faster
steamships replaced sailing ships on the open sea and horse-drawn barges in canals

28. Coal for British Steam Engines
Lumber was scarce due to deforestation for farming
coal mining industry in northern and western England grew
by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal
mining was dangerous
explosions
coal dust
collapsing shafts
hard labor

29. Young Coal Miners
children were hired to slip down narrow shafts and pick and haul coal

30. Child Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”
their lives were hard and many became “crooked and deformed”

31. What’s Happening
What are the three factors of production that we discussed?
What is an example of each of these factors that Great Britain had?
How did the early inventions help the textile industry change from a cottage industry to an industry performed in factories?

32. Industrialization Spreads
Industry and the West
Individual freedom becomes significant force in society
People with freedoms compete with one another for wealth and fame
Competition is deemed good for all
Westerners race to find new lands for new markets and to exploit for Raw materials

33. Industry comes to America
Britain outlawed export of certain machines and forbade skill craftsman from leaving country
WHY?
Great Britain had a huge head start in revolution

34. Industry comes to America
Samuel Slater
Skilled young millworker, escapes GB disguised as a farmer and heads to America
He had memorized the working of the water frame and reproduced it in America
Built 1st mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Father of American Industry

35. Industry comes to America
Frances Cabot Lowell
First all in one mill
40 multi story brick buildings
Used water fall to run machinery
6 miles of canals
Hired 10,000 single girls from near by farms to run
Provided good wages and clean housing

36. Lowell System

37. Lowell Girls

38. Industry spreads to Europe
William Cockerill brought industry to Central Europe
After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, French government would financial support industry
1848 French would be an industrial power house
Germany had no central government to support Industry
Many small German states built railroads
1850 treaties that barred German states from trading were dropped

39. Industry in Asia Japan joined revolution very late
1868 Meiji Government modernized Japan’s economy
A few decades later Japan would be one of the world’s industrial leaders

40. GROG points Using your notes, fill in the interactive graphic organizer by showing how various factors helped start the Industrial Revolution.

41. Factories and Workers
Chapter 21 Sec 2
Pages

42. Bell Ringer 21.2
Imagine that you are a highly skilled millworker living in Great Britain in about Write an outline for the main points you would make to government officials to persuade them that you should be allowed to go to the United States to start a textile business.

43. Production before Factories
Cottage factories
Wool delivered right to cottage
Product went from raw material to Finished product under 1 roof
Benefits
Controlled own schedule
Could work or rest depending on family needs
Controlled quality
Need more $$ then work faster
Work slower and produce better quality

44. Production before Factories
Cottage Industry
Problems
Fire or flood could cause a financial hardship
All skill took a long time to master
A lot of physical strength need to run machines
Adults only
Parents fell ill or died= financial hardship for family

45. Working in a factory
Mass production- Manufacturing large number of identical parts
Cheaper products
More money in peoples pockets
More goods available to the people
Assemble line- Product moves from person to person, who each performs one step.
Very easy to learn and perform
To easy for men, would been seen as women/ children's work
Boys and girls would work at age of 6
Factories preferred to hire women and children

46. Wages Many families fleeing countryside would work in factories
(enclosure movement)
A large number of people willing to work,
means low wages
Children and women were paid less than men

47. long hours (12-16 hours) / six days a week

48. no safety precautions - no compensation for injury
Children lose fingers

49. unhealthy environment Noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation

50. Impact of Industrialization
Changed patterns of life
urbanization-movement of people from rural areas to cities
Industry moved from home to city
city populations expand dramatically

51. Factory towns Towns first popped up along water sources
With the invention of steam power factories popped up near coal mines
Thick soot cover these towns
Turning day into night

52. Industrial Staffordshire area in NW England known as black county due to high pollution of coal dust

54. Problems of Growing Cities
Living Conditions
poorly built tenements

55. - large families crowded into single room apartments

56. - poor water supplies inadequate sanitation

57. - disease and crime were constant problems

58. Cottage workers unrest
Factories are the new way, but Cottage Industry is still alive- barely
Cottage Industries could not produce or sell as cheaply as factories
Facing financial ruins they would turn to violence

59. British Government and Business
British Government did not see it as their job to regulate business
If they help the people to much they would get lazy and not work as hard

60. Luddites
Cottage workers who opposed factories putting cottages out of work
Burned and smashed factory machines
Did not hurt people
Those who were caught were hung by owners
Luddite movement ended quickly

61. Workers Organize
First unions were trade unions were workers who had skills and would be difficult to replace.
They would organize strikes to force improvement of working conditions

62. Early attempts by workers to organize and unionize met with resistance
- British government outlawed labor unions

63. Demands for Change
Governments begin to investigate working conditions.
British Parliament enacts laws limiting child labor and limiting hours in a work day .

64. Upstairs/Downstairs Social/Economics

65. A New Class of Workers Wealthy business people to invest
Mid-level (Middle Class) employees to run factory and supervise
This would be a fast growing group
Low-level employees to run machines

66. GROG 21.2 – 5 points fill in the interactive graphic organizer by analyzing the effects of the factory system to answer the question, "Who do you think benefited the most and least from the changes?".

67. New Ideas in a Society Page 646-651
Chapter 21 Sec 3
New Ideas in a Society
Page

68. - IV. New Currents of Thought A. Economics 1. Laissez-Faire Economics
laissez faire – economic theory opposed any attempt by the government to interfere with the natural laws governing economics.

69. b. Adam Smith - Scottish economist who wrote “The Wealth of Nations"
urged government to let free enterprise operate on its own.
- believed everyone would benefit

70. Thomas Malthus- “Essay on the Principles of Population"
- social problem of poverty was due to population growth.
- any government attempt to correct problems would only making conditions for the poor worse

71. David Ricardo - Iron Law of Wages
- stated wages and prices go through cycles

72. Socialism - a system in which. the workers or government
Socialism - a system in which the workers or government owned and controlled the means of production.
*means of production -
i.) the means of production would be operated for the benefit of all people

73. Communism (Scientific Socialism)
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels publish “The Communist Manifesto"
- Claimed theories were based on a scientific study of history.
- Believed economics shaped both social and political structures

74. History reveals a continuous struggle between two classes:
- the "haves" (bourgeoisie " middle class")
They control the means of production
Through power and wealth shape social and political structures.

75. The have nots - the proletariat or working class
They lack the wealth of the haves
They produce the wealth through their labor.

76. - Marx's predictions:
conditions of the workers will continue to decline
proletariat will revolt and take control of the means of production

77. 3. proletariat will. destroy the. ruling class and setup
3. proletariat will destroy the ruling class and setup classless society
4. wealth and power would be shared equally by all.

78. - Failing of Marx's theories
1. assumed the condition of the workers would continue to get worse over time.
2. the conditions of the workers actually improved in many ways and workers were unwilling to overthrow the system.

79. Scientific Theories
- Charles Darwin published “On the Origin of Species"
presented a theory of evolution based on natural selection