1. Applying Stereotypes and Prejudice Concepts The War in Sudan: The Genocide in Darfur Michelle Berman Mei Kuo Samantha Rodriguez Brittany Ward

2. How the war in Sudan began.... Conflict is between the o Arab Muslims: north, urban, political and economic power  Non Arab Black African: south, rural, non- muslim,religious inferiority, minimal resources Conflict arose from: o forced to co-exist once they were out under british control o Implementation of Islamic Law

3. How the war in Sudan began.... Fighting over o religious freedom o the need for resources Led to o economic instability o ongoing conflict between the two groups: War/Genocide

4. Social Dominance Orientation The belief that one group, the ingroup, is more superior to another group, the out- group Muslim Arabs believe themselves to be superior to Non-Arab Black Africans o Politically o In terms of religion o Also in terms of status  Non-Arab Black Africans referred to as "abid" meaning slave

5. How does the UMGC Model relate SDO to the war in Sudan? Explained by use of the Unified Model of Group Conflict o Belief that ideologies and situational factors work together to create and exacerbate perceptions of intergroup competition and tension Five Components of Model Ideologies o Arab Muslims believe they are dominant and the Muslim religion should be practiced by ALL Situational Factors o Colonization, food shortages, and trade discontinuation have caused instability and rebel groups have challenged the status quo ***Esses, V. M. and Jackson, L. M. (2009) Applying the Unified Instrumental Model of Group Conflict to Understanding Ethnic Conflict and Violence: The Case of Sudan,in Explaining the Breakdown of Ethnic Relations: Why Neighbors Kill***

6. How does the UMGC Model relate SDO to the war in Sudan? Relevant Outgroup o Rebel groups are salient and distinctive; raids have led to a belief in possible succession Perceived Competition with Outgroup o Non-Arab Black Muslims success and ability to pose threat leads Arab Muslims to perceive competition with non-Arab Black Africans. Attempts to Reduce Competition o Killing non-Arab Black Africans; decrease competitiveness of outgroup, Government financial and weapon aid;increase competitiveness of outgroup, silencing victims and limited media coverage; avoidance ***Esses, V. M. and Jackson, L. M. (2009) Applying the Unified Instrumental Model of Group Conflict to Understanding Ethnic Conflict and Violence: The Case of Sudan,in Explaining the Breakdown of Ethnic Relations: Why Neighbors Kill***

7. Outgroup Homogeneity Effect The proposition that people tend to see members of their own group as very different from one another and, at the same time, tend to underestimate the differences between members of other groups Muslim Arabs do not see the non-Arab black Africans as individuals,but as one enemy

8. Outgroup Homogeneity Effect “Non-Arab Black Africans” o the name alone depicts the lack of individuality that the group encompasses They are defined by what they are NOT, instead of what they ARE

9. R easons for the Outgroup Homogeneity Effect... People interact more with members of their group, therefore have more information about them and their unique qualities Interactions with ingroup members provide more information about their unique characteristics People are motivated to see themselves as unique, and look for ways to distinguish themselves from other groups to maintain their individuality ***"Intergroup Behavior and Ethnicity: A Social Psychological Perspective”, Ng (2005)***

10. Terror Management Theory Based on the concept of how people will react when they feel threatened; this often results in the need to defend the values and beliefs of one’s culture as it serves as reference and protection; often resulting in people holding and behaving in prejudice ways This theory has been seen in times of war when mortality salience is prevalent

11. Application of the Terror Management Theory to war in Sudan TMT can be applied to the conflict in Sudan- how it started and how it still continues to exist The war started out of the competition for resources; thoughts of not having food for survival threatened one’s well being, this lead to the southern Non-Arab Black Africans developing prejudices against the northern Muslim Arabs as they held a disproportionate amount of resources As war continues → mortality salience prevalent → reconfirmation of prejudice from holding on to strong beliefs and values → cycle of war

12. Social psychology terms used can be used in daily lives... Social Dominance: Understand what makes the group feel dominant; attempt to bridge the gap Outgroup Homogeneity: Befriend a member of the outgroup: do they confirm or disconfirm? o The more members of the outgroup you are in contact with the more likely you are to be able to disconfirm or confirm o Terror Management Theory: When we feel threatened first instinct is to feel prejudice: Is that prejudice based on fact? Or are you influenced by your peers? Determine which it is.