1. The Present Perfect

2. ♦ In English the present perfect tense combines have or has with the past participle of a verb: We have called our mother. Have you tried the soup?

3. The Present Perfect ♦ In Spanish, the present perfect tense is made up of 2 parts: 1 – the helping verb haber 2 – the past participle of a verb

4. The Present Perfect ♦ the present tense of haber he has ha hemos habéis han *do not confuse haber & tener (to possess)*

5. The Present Perfect ♦ to form a past participle of a verb in Spanish: replace the -ar ending with -ado replace the -er/ir ending with -ido

6. The Present Perfect El cocodrilo ha comido el pingüino.

7. The Present Perfect Rules to Remember: ♦ there are no stem-changing participles ♦ -er/-ir infinitives that have a stem ending in a vowel need an accent mark over the i

8. The Present Perfect Rules to Remember: ♦ verbs that are typically irregular do not have irregular past participles ir = ser = estar = saber = ido estado sido sabido

9. The Present Perfect Rules to Remember: ♦ place no before the verb to negate the present perfect ♦ place the subject AFTER the participle to form a question ¿Han copiado Uds. los apuntes?

10. The Present Perfect abrir decir hacer poner escribir romper abierto dicho hecho puesto escrito roto

11. ver volver cubrir morir resolver visto vuelto cubierto muerto resuelto The Present Perfect

12. The Past Perfect ♦ The past perfect tense is used to express something had happened. She had written to her boyfriend. The author had written a new book.

13. The Past Perfect ♦ It is formed like the present perfect but uses the IMPERFECT form of the verb haber. ♦ All other rules related to present perfect still apply.

14. The Past Perfect ♦ In Spanish, the past perfect tense is made up of 2 parts: 1 – the helping verb haber 2 – the past participle of a verb

15. The Past Perfect ♦ the imperfect tense of haber había habías había habíamos habíais habían