1. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms

2. 13.1 Vocabulary
• Middle Ages - • Franks - • monastery - • secular - • Carolingian Dynasty - • Charlemagne-
Era in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the medieval period.
People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the area now occupied by France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages.
Religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987
Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814

3. Fall of Roman Empire
Roman Empire divides into East and West in year 395
East becomes Byzantium
Justinian becomes Emperor in 527
Byzantine Empire collapses around 1100 A.D.

4. Middle Ages 500 – 1500 A.D. Three Roots of Medieval Culture
Classical heritage of Rome
Beliefs of Roman Catholic Church
Customs of Germanic Tribes
What are the effects of multiple invasions?

5. Invasions of Western Europe
Effects of Invasions:
Disruption of Trade
Downfall of Cities
Population changes
Decline of Learning
Loss of Common Language

6. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
The Roman catholic church survives invasions
The concept of government changes
Family more important
Smaller communities
Unwritten rules
Personal relationships important
Warriors lived with Kings
It was a disgrace to outlive him

7. Clovis Rules the Franks
Clovis brought Christianity in year 496
Battle convinced him to convert
Asked for God’s help
United Franks into one kingdom

8. Germans Adopt Christianity
Church and Franks worked together to spread Christianity
Many moved back into Rome
Church built religious communities : Monasteries
Monks and Nuns lived there

9. Monasteries

10. An Empire Evolves
After death of Clovis in 511, Charles Martel takes control
(Charles the Hammer)
He was not Emperor
Gained more power than the King
Extended the kingdom
Defeated Muslims
Became Christian Hero

11. An Empire Evolves Charles Martel passed power to son Pepin the Short
Gained title “King by Grace of God”
Began Carolingian Dynasty in 751 A.D.

12. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
Pepin died in 768
Frankish kingdom VERY strong
Charlemagne took over after Pepin’s son Carloman mysteriously died 771

13. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
Charlemagne extends empire
After helping the pope in Rome, he was crowned Roman Emperor
He was not from Rome!

14. Charlemagne Leads Revival
Charlemagne managed his Empire very well
Encouraged learning
Opened schools
Encouraged monasteries to open schools for future monks

15. Charlemagne dies in 814
Names only son Louis the Pious (The Fair) as Emperor
Not very good
Louis the Pious’ sons fought for power
Divided empire into 3 parts
Authority broke down

16. Quiz Next Class 13.1 Vocabulary
• Middle Ages - • Franks - • monastery - • secular - • Carolingian Dynasty - • Charlemagne-
Era in European history following the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the medieval period.
People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the area now occupied by France) and established a great empire during the Middle Ages.
Religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.
a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987
Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814

17. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
Section 2: Feudalism in Europe

18. 13.2 Vocabulary
lord-
fief-
vassal-
knight-
serf-
manor-
tithe-
in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals.
an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe.
in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services.
in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback.
a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate.
a lord’s estate in feudal Europe.
a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income to a church.

19. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Many invaders came from year
Vikings invade from the North
Also called Northmen or Norsemen
Worshipped war like gods
Nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and
Thorfinn Skullsplitter

20. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings used swords and heavy wooden shields
Arrived on huge ships, attack and leave
Ships were huge
Could travel in 3 feet of water
Vikings stopped attacking after they accepted Christianity
warmer weather made farming easier
Viking Leif Ericson reached North America around year 500

21. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars were a nomadic people
attacked from East
Rode horses
Did not settle
Took captives to sell as slaves
Muslims attacked from South
Conquered different areas

23. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Effects of invasions
A lot of disorder and suffering
Lived in constant fear and danger
Kings could not effectively defend
Local rulers gained strength for defeating invaders

24. New Social Order: Feudalism
A political and economic system of Europe based on the holding of all land in fief or fee … and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and penalty
In exchange for military protection a lord (land owner) granted land called fief.
The Person receiving fief was a vassal
=Vassal
= Serf

25. New Social Order: Feudalism
Social classes were well defined
You were born into your social class
Serfs were not slaves
Could not leave the land
Could not be bought or sold
Everything they produced belonged to lord
=Vassal
= Serf

27. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor = Lord’s Estate
Manor System:
Lord provided serfs with housing, farm land, and protection
Serfs tended to land, cared for lords animals, and maintained the estate
All peasants owed the lord duties
Certain days of labor or amount of grain

28. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manors were only a few square miles
20-30 families lived there
Self sufficient community
Manor life was hard
Peasants paid many taxes
Including tithe – church tax 10% of income
A lot of working
Life expectancy = 35 years old

30. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
Section 3: The Age of Chivalry

31. 13.2 Vocabulary
• chivalry
• tournament
• troubadour 1 2 3

32. Knights: Warriors on Horseback
Charles Martel organized armored horsemen called Knights
Technology: Saddle and stirrups
Allowed soldiers to fight on horses
Warrior’s trained all year
Were given land

33. Knighthood and Code of Chivalry
Chivalry – Complex code of ideals
A knight must fight bravely for 3 masters
Feudal lord
Heavenly lord
His lady
Knights must be loyal, brave and courteous

34. A Knight’s Training Boys learned the code of chivalry early in life
Age 7, sent off to another castle to learn fighting skills
Age 14, became a squire, or servant to a knight
Age 21, a squire became a knight
A young knight traveled for 2 years in search of wars and tournaments

35. Do not Copy
Medieval Europe Feudalism
Design of Castle

36. Brutal Reality of Warfare
War was brutal
Hot oil, water or lead was poured on soldiers
Archers shot arrows to defend castle

38. Literature of Chivalry
Many stories glorified castle life
Epic poetry – poems that retold stories, adventures
They wrote love poems and songs
Troubadours were traveling musicians

39. Women’s Role in Feudal Society

40. Noblewoman – Peasant Woman – Could own little land
Could send knights to war
Threw rocks and fire arrows at attackers
Peasant Woman –
A lot of labor in home and fields
Child care
Young women learned house duties

41. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 500 – 1200 A.D.
Section 4: The Power of Church

42. 13.4 Vocabulary • clergy • sacrament • canon law • Holy Roman Empire
• lay investiture

43. The Far Reaching Authority of the Church
Church and European rulers competed for power
Church had its own organization
Pope
Clergy
Bishop
Priests

44. Feudalism divided many people Religion unified them
Being part of religious community
Law of the Church
Canon Law
Marriage
Religious practices
Consequences
Excommunication
Interdict - religious services would not be performed

45. The Church and the Holy Roman Empire
Otto the Great was king of Germany in 936
Built up his power by forming alliance with church
Limited the power of nobles
Later invaded Italy on Pope’s behalf and was named emperor
German-Italian Empire became Holy Roman Empire
Caused many problems

46. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Church not happy that the Emperor controlled the clergy
Lay investiture – kings and nobles appoint clergy
1075, Pope banned lay invesiture
German Emperor Henry IV was upset
Tried to force the pope to resign
Emperor was excommunicated
Begged Pope for forgiveness to save throne

47. Successors to Pope and Emperor met
Showdown at Canossa
King Henry went to meet the Pope
The Pope forced Henry to wait outside for 3 days in the snow
The Pope was forced to forgive
Successors to Pope and Emperor met
Established Concordat of Worms
Treaty:
Church could appoint Bishops
Emperor could veto

48. Disorder in the Empire King Fredrick is elected in 1152
Barabarossa
Aggressively invaded rich cities in Italy
Pope and Italian merchants formed alliance called Lombard League
Lombard league soldiers defeated King Fredrick
Used crossbows against knights
Fredrick was forced to make peace

49. Chapter Test
Monday!
Study Chapter 13