1. Chapter 12 The Age of Jefferson: Frustration Abroad 1800–1815

2. The Election of 1800 Republicans run Jefferson and Burr Federalists run Adams and Pinckney Jefferson and Burr each get 73 electoral votes Election goes to the House of Representatives House decided election Federalists control House 35 deadlocked ballots Hamilton prefers Jefferson to Burr House elects Jefferson president

3. The Sage of Monticello Thomas Jefferson Politically experienced Scholar, writer, architect, inventor Peevish, vindictive, no orator Frequently criticized A Few Continuities Conciliatory tone with Federalists Kept many Federalist policies Kept BUS Some Departures Gallatin as Secretary of Treasury Worked to pay national debt More common man style to presidency Lived in new capitol city

4. Marshall, Marbury and Madison Marbury vs. Madison Adams names “midnight judges” Marbury’s appointment not delivered Madison refuses to deliver appointment Marbury sues Madison Judicial Review Chief Justice John Marshall Establishes court’s right to decide which laws are unconstitutional Jefferson and Madison had claimed right for states Usage firmly establishes principle of judicial review Jefferson tries to abolish judgeships Congress removes Judge John Pickering Senate refuses to convict Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase

5. The Louisiana Purchase Sugar and foodstuffs Napoleon gains Louisiana from Spain Wanted Louisiana as food supply for West Indies Westerners in panic Needed use of Mississippi River and New Orleans War with France looked inevitable War would ally U.S with Britain An Offer Not to be Refused Monroe and Livingston sent to negotiate Bonaparte loses troops in West Indies Bonaparte afraid Britain will invade Louisiana Bonaparte willing to sell Louisiana

6. Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase (cont.’d) U.S. purchases Louisiana from France Pays $15 million 828,000 square miles at 3 cents/acre No Congressional approval Jefferson abandons “strict constructionist” theory Opportunity too good to pass on Practical concern outweighs theory

7. Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase (cont.’d) Lewis and Clark Expedition Search for overland trade route Scientific expedition Sacajawea Mostly peaceful Indian relations Successful return

8. Burr–Hamilton Duel Aaron Burr Shunned by Jefferson as Vice-President Schemes with Essex Junto to secede Runs for New York Governorship Defeated due to Alexander Hamilton Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel Meet July 11, 1804 Both men fire shots Hamilton misses, Burr kills Hamilton, flees South Burr conspiracy Burr meets with Western leaders Perhaps planning western secession Arrested and tried for treason Burr acquitted

9. Foreign Woes Barbary states depended on piracy Demand “protection money” from U.S. Jefferson refuses, pirates seize American crew Marines under Stephen Decatur board and burn it Jefferson fights, but finally pays $60,000 War between Britain and France U.S. neutral, U.S. shipping make large profits War stalls, Britain and France issue orders Each forbid U.S. to trade with the other Both sides seize U.S. ships

10. Foreign Woes Foreign Woes (cont.’d) British violate American rights Impressment of American sailors HMS Leopard attacks USS Chesapeake 1807 Americans demand war Jefferson chooses “peaceable coercion” Embargo Act of 1807 Forbids American ships to leave port Supposed to force British to respect U.S. U.S. trade suffers more than Britain Jefferson abandons embargo

11. Jemmy Applejohn and the War of 1812 President James Madison Profound student of political philosophy Not a strong head of state Non-Intercourse Act Reopens trade with all nations except England and France Britain meets U.S. terms, U.S. reopens trade London backs down Madison humiliated

12. War of 1812 War of 1812 (cont.’d) Macon’s Bill No. 2 Ends trade with either Britain or France if the other stops molesting U.S. Napoleon acts; U.S. becomes economic ally of France British cancel Orders of Council too late U.S. declares war on Britain America divided Mercantile states oppose war Agrarian states support war War Hawks want Canada Britain’s Indian allies greatest obstacle

13. War of 1812 War of 1812 (cont.’d) Tenskwatawa: “The Prophet” Indians should abandon white ways Indians should form confederacy Tecumseh Military chief of confederacy Recruited more tribes Confederacy congregates at Tippecanoe Confederacy defeated by William Henry Harrison in 1811

14. War of 1812 War of 1812 (cont.’d) War of 1812 Assault on Canada a fiasco British take Detroit, Fort Dearborn U.S. secures Lake Erie by winning Battle of Thames British invade New York, burn Washington D.C. Treaty of Ghent formally ends war December 1814 Restores British–U.S. relations to pre-war status Battle of New Orleans fought two weeks later January 1815 Huge victory for Americans

15. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Map 12:1 – The Louisiana Purchase and The Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 – 1805

16. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Map 12:2 – The War of 1812

17. Discussion Questions Explain the results of the Election of 1800. Was it a revolution in politics? What were the achievements of Jefferson as president? Was his administration the highlight of his career? How did the power of the Supreme Court expand during the time John Marshall sat on the bench? What were the causes, events, and results of the War of 1812? Was it a continuation of the Revolutionary War?