1. Welcome to U.S. History European Colonies Great Depression
American Revolution
WWI & WWII
America’s Government
Cold War
Westward Expansion
Civil Rights
Civil War & Reconstruction
America Today
Industrial & Progressive Age

2. About Mr. Gould Masters from the University of MN (1998)
Live in St. Paul
Two Daughters
10 and 13 years old
Enjoy outdoor activities, travel and music
Sailing, camping, fly-fishing, snowsports

3. Vocabulary & news/class quiz
Weekly Schedule
Day
10 minutes
8 minutes
25 minutes 5” M
News
Vocab
Notes, activity
journal T W R
Document Day (starting next week)
you create a fact, opinion and advice essay each week
I grade your journals and meet with kids concerning class F
Vocabulary & news/class quiz
Four kids’ news presentations

5. Materials Needed Your agenda A 3 ring binder Tabbed section dividers
Notes
Vocab
Journals
News
Extra credit stamp sheet
Pen or pencil

6. Hall Pass You need your agenda to leave class, no excuses
If you do not have your agenda, you cannot leave class
Fill out your agenda passes to leave class to go to the bathroom or to your locker
I will sign your agenda

7. You are here to learn Take your education seriously
This class is to get you ready to be an educated citizen
to make America a better place when you are voting
Your life is simple now
do your job

8. Expectations Come to class prepared and on time
Pencil; paper; binder
Don’t touch my desk, drawers or podium
I have no materials to share
Tape, stapler and 3 hole punch are on the table
Do not talk while others are talking
Respect each other
Don’t interrupt each other
Raise your hand with questions
Meet with me concerning your absences and late work
Use my classroom web page

9. Consequences Work is late if it is in your locker
Late work is worth half of the original points
I will remove kids from class who are not contributing
I will call parents
I will give detentions

10. Extra Credit
During class discussions you can contribute and receive a stamp
Keep these stamps on a sheet of paper in your binder
The stamps are added up at the end of the quarter
One point per stamp
If you have all your normal work handed in, I will add your extra credit to your grade
The grade can only increase by 5%

11. Thursday’s Document Day
Reading and writing; where you are the expert

12. Document Day
Read the document that I have selected

13. Fact, Opinions and Advice
On a sheet of paper list 10 facts concerning the material you just read
Rank the facts from most important to least
Next list 10 opinions that were in the reading
Put an a or d if you agree or disagree with the opinion
We study history to make the future better
Write an essay with complete sentences giving your opinion or advice to a person or item from the reading, concerning this topic

14. Paragraph Suggestions
Don’t use pronouns use proper nouns. (Do not use she, if, he, they, them etc.)
Don’t write “This is what I think… or I would say… or I would do.” ( be direct)
Pick one main idea and then explain and support it.
Don’t give your reasons in your very first sentence. Avoid this “Pocahontas should have ran because the English had disease and the English were greedy and starving. Instead “Pocahontas should have ran from the English for many reasons… then explain.”

15. Note taking Tips Use headings Use abbreviations & symbols
Make the headings obvious (underline, CAPS, Bold, highlighter or cursive
Use abbreviations & symbols
Your not going to have enough time to write down all of the material, your just not – so don’t try
Be sure to write down items that the teacher repeats

16. There are 8 Social Sciences
History
Political Science
Anthropology
Sociology
Economics
Psychology
Geography
Theology

17. Political Science Studies how decisions are made for a group of people
Governments
9th grade

18. Anthropology Studies cultures over time
Includes Archaeology (Indiana Jones) and the study of artifacts

19. Sociology
How people are organized and act as a group
12th grade

20. Economics
Studies the production and distribution of goods
10th grade

21. Psychology
Studies how people behave and why
12th grade

22. Geography Studies the distribution of earthbound phenomenon
8th grade, 10th grade

23. Theology
Studies the religions of a group of people
college

24. History Studies events from the past Facts
Columbus sailed from Spain to the Caribbean in 1492
Opinions
Columbus was cruel to the Indians
Advice for the future
Take time to learn from and respect other cultures

25. Can History Change?
Villain?
Hero?

26. Can History Change?
Explorers’ reputations are notoriously volatile things. Consider Robert Falcon Scott, the British naval officer who lost the race to the South Pole in 1911 and froze to death on the way home.

27. LOSER!
Norwegian Roald Amundsen beats Scott to the pole on December 14, 1911.
Scott makes it there a MONTH later!

28. HERO!
After a grueling march back, Scott dies in his tent...only 11 miles from a depot equipped with food and oil.
Hailed as a symbol of British courage.

29. Failure!
In Scott and Amundsen, a 1979 study, a British historian uncovers Scott’s ineptitude with animals and cold.
Scott’s reputation heads due south.

30. VICTIM!
In a new history of Scott’s expedition, Dr. Susan Solomon tries to redeem his rep, blaming his misfortune on an unusually harsh Antarctic autumn.

31. Uh-oh!
A new play about Scott called Antarctica came out in London last year.
The play is about 6 men who split off from Scott’s party and made it home without him.

32. PROP: A tool for Historians
Life is full of information and data
Can the data and info be trusted?
Which information is the best?
How do we know what to trust?
PROP can help!

33. (P) Primary or Secondary
Primary is a first-hand account
A real witness
Someone who was there
Secondary is a second-hand account
A person who interviewed a real witness
A person who studied the topic and then they had a later opinion about what happened
Where did the secondary source come from

34. (R) Reason to Lie?
Does the source of the information have a reason to lie?

35. (O) Other Evidence?
Does the source give other sources of evidence in varying forms?

36. (P) Public or Private
Was the source of the information public or private?
A public report allows the audience to object or add additional facts

37. Exploration of the Americas
New Spain
New France
New Netherlands

38. Exploration Summary 15th Century 16th Century 17th Century
Find a trade route to Asia and the Indies
16th Century
A race to claim the land in the Americas
Wars of conquest against the American Indians
Smallpox disease kills 70% of the Indians
17th Century
Colonization of the Americas begins
18th Century
Colonization continues
Europe fights each other for control of colonies

39. Nations Compared Nation Where Who What Opinions Spain SW US & Florida
Latin America
Mexico
South America
Conquistadors
(conquerors or exploring soldiers)
Gold, Silver, Riches and slaves
Extremely cruel
France
Canada
Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
Great Lakes
Fur Traders
Missionaries
Furs
Christianity
Nicest of them all
England
East Coast of US
Washington & Oregon
Farmers
Create businesses

41. Columbian Exchange Diseases and technologies also spread
70% of the American Indians died of diseases

42. New Spain Conquistadors Serve God & the King Get rich Hernandes Cortes
Conquer Aztecs in Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
Controlled Incan empire after killing emperor

43. How did the Spanish Win? Superior military equipment
Steel armor and guns
Aztecs and Incas relied never have seen horses
Thought Spanish might be Gods
European diseases

44. “Laws of the Indies” How the colonies should be organized…
3 settlements
Pueblos
Presidios
Missions
4 Social Classes
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Indians

45. New France Port Royal (1605) 1st French Settlement
Little gold and silver unlike New Spain
Profited from…
Fishing, trapping, and trading

46. French King controlled New France
Grew slowly so King sent 1,000 farmers to colony
Coureurs de bois- free from government control
Lived in the woods

47. France and Native Americans
Did not attempt to conquer the Indians
Indians taught the French trapping and survival skills (snowshoes and canoes)
French missionaries taught Native Americans about Christianity

48. New Netherlands Hoped to profit from their discoveries in the Americas
Bought Manhattan from the Indians
Built trading posts along the Hudson River
Enlarged their colony by taking over New Sweden

49. “On the island of Manhattan, and in its environs, there may be four or five hundred men of different sects and nations: the Director General told me that there were men of eighteen different languages; they are scattered here and there on the river, above and below, as the beauty and convenience of the spot has invited each to settle.”
Father Isaac Jogues, “Narratives of New Netherland,”

50. Dutch and Native Americans
Befriended the Iroquois people
Helped fight against French and Hurons
Tried to convert Native Americans into Christians
Traded knives, copper kettles, muskets and gun powder for hunting and warfare
Introduced alcohol which had a harsh life on Native Americans lives

51. Dutch Influences still here today
Ice Skating
St. Nicks birthday
Dutch master “boss”
New Amsterdam sailed “yachts”
Children munched on “Cookies”
Rode through the snow on “Sleighs”

52. Colony
a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.
Parent Nation
Year
Place
Spain
1565
St. Augustine, Florida
France
1608
Quebec City, Canada
England
1607
Jamestown, Virginia

53. Map depicting Sir Francis Drake's 1586 attack on St. Augustine

54. A walled city founded by Champlain
Quebec City, French, 1608
A walled city founded by Champlain

55. Jamestown, Virginia
Chesapeake Bay

56. Jamestown’s Population

57. European Settlement

58. Slavery in the colonies
Slaves were used in the colonies from the start (1619)
15 million slaves came from West Africa
80% of the slaves were used in the Caribbean or Brazil
17% of the slaves died on the ocean voyage
Slaves were used to increase profits on colonial businesses
Slaves were sold at auction
On average, 2 ships left Africa full of slaves every day for 160 years

60. Slave Trade

61. PIG EARS This is a tool for studying culture and places
Each of the 7 PIGEARS letters stands for a different part of culture
Helps us categorize culture and place

62. Political Who has power and control in a society?
King; governor; president
How are decisions made?
voting
How are people organized?
Land ownership

63. Intellectual How do we learn? What is in our brains?
Language
Education
What is in our brains?
Technologies
Ideas
What are we capable of?
Tools

64. Geography Topography Climate Soils Hilly/flat Rainy/Dry
Where do we live and what it is like?
Topography
Hilly/flat
Climate
Rainy/Dry
Soils

65. Economic What the culture does for work to sustain life?
How are good and supplies distributed?
Trade
Natural resources
Forests; mining; farming; water
Currency or money used?

66. Artistic How do we express ourselves?
Dance, painting, music, etc.
Items we produce by choice in our free time?

67. Religion How did we get here? Where are we going when we die?
Monotheistic beliefs
Believe in one god
(Christianity, Islam)
Polytheistic
Believe in many gods

68. Social How do we relate to one another? What are the traditions
Customs
Routines
Music; dress
Gender roles in a society
Peaceful or warlike

69. Notes
When categorizing culture using PIGEARS, often cultural traits will belong to several PIGEARS attributes
Farming
Intellectual (irrigation)
Geography (climate supports plants)
Economic (grow crops for consumption / trade)
Social (if a specific gender or age are the farmers)

70. West African Culture (PIGEARS)
Political
People were organized in large tribes and clans who had control over large tracts of land. Elders and leaders generally governed the tribes, male dominant
Intellectual
History was recorded in both written and spoken (oral) forms. Children were taught in the home and were 'raised by the village'. Slingshots, irrigation, nets, metals, hands-on work

71. West African Culture Geography Economic Artistic
West Africa coastal regions, warm year around, equatorial, lowlands, less than 30” of rain annually, poor soils
Economic
Grazing of animals (goats, chickens, etc.), fishing, some farming
Artistic
Lively and colorful art, dance, music, beads, drumming. Wood carving and leather

72. West African Culture Religion Social
Monotheistic. Most of the tribes were Muslims, the religion of Islam. Allah=God, Mohammed was messiah, Jesus was a prophet, bible was Koran. There were few pockets of Christianity in the region too.
Social
Many languages were spoken based largely upon the tribe that a person was a part of. The people lived in permanent villages where the people would live off the land. Men had more power and control in the family. Elders were greatly respected regardless of gender. The concept of family was much broader than America's view today. Boys were “warriors”.

73. Colonies Grew
After Jamestown (1607) and then Plymouth (1620) were successful, more colonies were created
8 of the 13 colonies were created as businesses
Massachusetts was created for the Puritan religion
They believed they were living “pure” as the bible intended
Rhode Island was created for religious freedom
Rhode Island broke away from Massachusetts because Massachusetts was to strict with their religion
Pennsylvania and Maryland were created for political and religious freedoms

74. Colonial Comparisons Town Meetings where women could attend
Regions: (8x4)
New england
Middle
southern
Political
Town Meetings where women could attend
Assembly of elected white, male, property owners
INTELECTUAL
Mandatory public schools for everyone
Private schools through the churches
Tutors for the rich (5%), usually at the plantation
GEOGRAPHY
Poor soils, good harbors, cold winters, mild summers
Good soils, great harbors, moderate winters, warm summers
Great soils, marginal harbors, mild winters, hot summers
ECONOMIC
Manufacturing, lumber products, shipbuilding, merchants, whaling
Trade, grain farms, seaports, and iron mills
Plantations for cotton, rice, tobacco, and indigo
ARTISTIC
Writers and poets like Anne Bradstreet or
William Bradford
Metal works
Benjamin Franklin
Alexander Hamilton
Architecture, theatre, music, and dancing
Most Artistic
RELIGIOUS
State supported churches with taxes.
Puritans
Very Strict
New religions could be formed and practiced; Quakers
Prodestant Church was required. Taxes were payed to the Church of England.
SOCIAL [Colonial Life Expectancy: Male, 45; Female, 38 (4:1 Male/Female Ratio)]
Most equality
(5% of slaves)
Middle equality
(15% of slaves)
Least equality
(80% of slaves)

75. New England Green color was French Pink and red was British
Hudson River and NYC were Dutch

77. Journals

78. Your Favorite Hobbies
Record and describe the hobbies you enjoy the most
Sports
Crafts
Activities
What else would you like to learn to do?

79. Which College Major
Of the 8 Social Science presented in class, which one would you be most interested in studying and doing for a job?
Why?
What would that job be like?
Where would you work?
What would you affect?
Which one would you like the least

80. What’s Your Opinion
Do you think the facts, opinions or advice we learn about History are the most important
Why do you think that?
Can these facts, opinions and advice always be trusted?

81. What’s Your Opinion
Do you believe in the death penalty as a punishment for crimes?
Why or why not
Are there other solutions

82. Which Continent 4 U?
The Americas and Europe were similar and different in 1492
If you lived back then, which continent would you have preferred to live on
Why
What would your favorite part of your life be
Would you prefer the food choices or the natural landscape of the place you chose

83. Misrepresented History
Explain a time in your life when the whole story was not told about something that happened to you or a friend
Did the whole story or truth ever come out
How did you feel when your side of the story was not understood or cared about
Does this happen a lot
What could be done to make sure all sides of a story are understood

84. Hero or Villain
Do you think Columbus was a hero or a villain?

85. Histories Lessons
What are the biggest three lessons from the past that Americans should know about to make America better in the future
What were some of Americas mistakes in the past
What were some things that America should make sure we never do again
why

86. Trade Routes You have been reading and mapping European trade routes
Why was Europe trading and travelling so much
Do you think this was a good idea
why

87. Holy Lands
The Mid-east was the birthplace and center of Judaism, Christianity and Islam
All of these religions want to worship in their most holy places
Who do you think deserves to have control of the holy lands today
why
Are there other solutions

88. Early Explorers
We know the Vikings came to North America and Columbus 500 years later
Do you think they were the only people to reach North America for those 500 years
Were the Vikings the first
Why do you think that
Consider the map of the world
What about Japan, China or Korea

89. Agenda Use
On a scale of 1-10 how would you rate how well you use your agenda to keep track of your day
1 means you need to improve
10 means your doing great
What could you do to improve
How would you do that

90. Interesting Vocabulary Words
Which 2 vocabulary words are the most interesting new words to you
why

91. Familiar Vocabulary Words
Which of the vocabulary words did you already know
Where did you hear them used before
In what context
Use these words in new complete sentences in your reflection
Are you ready for Friday’s quiz?

92. PROP Journal
Of the four parts to PROP, which part do you think is most important to determine if a source of information is credible and trustworthy or not
Primary or secondary
Reason to lie
Other evidence
Public or private

93. Columbian Exchange
America, Europe and Africa changed forever because of what Columbus started
Which change do you think was the most important or had the biggest impact
why
What crop or food item had the biggest impact in your opinion

94. Pocahontas Pocahontas was kidnapped by the British and used as ransom
She was a Powhatan princess with a lot of talent
If you could go back in time what would you want to learn from Pocahontas
What would you suggest to her
What advice would you have
What would you do differently in Jamestown if you were British
What if you were a Powhatan
If you went to Jamestown in 1607 would you want to be English or Powhatan?
why

95. 2nd Jamestown Ship More than 90% of Jamestown settlers died
However England sent over a second ship
Why
What were the reasons for a second ship do you think
Would you have gone on the second ship
Who do you think was on the second ship
What kind of people, tools or items would you have brought from England?

96. Greed Slavery was a product of greed and racism (this is my opinion)
What are your opinions concerning the slave trade
Could the colonies have started differently
How
The colonies were created as businesses to make money
Was that right, could it have been different
Would that have changed our lives today

97. Weekend What was the favorite part of your weekend
Huh, tell me – what was it?’
Why
Are you still stoked from it
Do you wanna do what was super fun again another weekend
Can you

98. Which Colony?
If you had to choose a colony from your map to live in, which one would you choose
Why
What would be the best things about living there
What would you do for work
For fun?

99. West Africa or Colonies
If you lived in 1750 would you prefer to live in the colonies in the Americas or in West Africa where Kunta Kinte was living?
Why
What would you enjoy about living there
What would you like most
What would you like the least

100. West African Culture
West Africa had many unique aspects to it (Political; Intellectual; Geography; Economic; Artistic; Religion; Social)
What part of West African culture did you find the most interesting
Why
In what ways

101. How was that cultural aspect different than the cultures in other places
Europe
America
American Indians

102. Your Colony You are researching a colony
What aspect of your colonies PIGEARS do you find the most interesting?
Why

103. A day in your colony
If you were a kid in your colony, what would be a typical day be like?
School
Food
Culture; toys
Your home life
Your work
What would your parents be like

104. Colony Brochure What has been your favorite part of your brochure
Why
What part was the easiest to create
What part was the hardest

105. Colony Brochure What do you think about this project Do you like it
Should I change it
How and why
Is the brochure too much work
Is it too simple or too hard?