1. THE THIRTEEN ENGLISH COLONIES
Chapter 4

2. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Who founded it?
John Winthrop and 1,000 others
What did they face in England?
Puritans were persecuted
Where did they settle?
MA Bay near present-day Boston

3. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts Bay Colony
When?
Why did they establish MBC?
Biblical and economic reasons
How did they run the colony?
Male church members could vote

4. The New England Colonies
Connecticut
Who founded it?
Thomas Hooker
What was his reason for leaving?
He was forced to leave
Where did he settle?
On the Connecticut River

5. The New England Colonies
Connecticut
When?
1636
Why did he establish CT?
Wanted strict limits on government
How did he run the colony?
All men who owned property could vote
Limits on governor’s power

6. The New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Who founded it?
Roger Williams
What was his reason for leaving?
Challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave
Where did he settle?
Narragansett Bay

7. The New England Colonies
Rhode Island
When?
1635
Why did he establish RI?
Wanted a separation of church and government
How did he run the colony?
Religious freedom
No state church
All white men could vote

8. The New England Colonies
Anne Hutchinson
Who?
Devout Puritan woman
What?
Led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to her
Where? RI

9. The New England Colonies
Anne Hutchinson
When?
1638
Why?
MA General Court ordered her out
How does history view her?
Symbol of struggle for religious freedom

10. Puritans and Native Americans
Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over New England.
Tensions with the Native Americans grew.
Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675.
Native American tribes worked together to drive the English from NE.

11. Puritans and Native Americans
The Native Americans destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers.
Within a year
Metacom was killed
His family was sold into slavery

12. Middle Colonies New York-NY
2 Rivalry between England and New Netherland grew
5 The colony was renamed New York
1 Dutch officials gave patroons land in exchange for the patroons bringing in at least 50 families
4 King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York
3 Governor Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender New Netherland

13. Middle Colonies New Jersey-NJ
2 People from other countries and colonies moved to New Jersey
1 Duke of York gave some of New York away to his friends
3 New Jersey became a royal colony

14. Middle Colonies Pennsylvania-PA
4 Pennsylvania Dutch arrived in Pennsylvania
2 William Penn thought of his colony as a “holy experiment” and a model of religious freedom
1 William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681
5 William Penn planned Philadelphia
3 William Penn treated Native Americans fairly and gained their respect

15. Middle Colonies Delaware-DE
1 The land around the Delaware River was call Pennsylvania Lower Counties
2 William Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly
3 In 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware

16. Southern Colonies Maryland-Have at least these elements
Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore where Roman Catholics, and later Christians, could worship freely.
Maryland had access to fish, oysters, and crabs.

17. Southern Colonies
North Carolina
Poor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia.
Many lived on small farms.

18. Southern Colonies South Carolina
Eight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement.
SC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave labor.
(Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)

19. Southern Colonies Georgia
James Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over.
Slavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery

20. Bacon’s Rebellion
New settlers arrived in VA and moved onto Native American lands.
Settlers and Indians clashed.
Settlers sought help from the governor.

21. Bacon’s Rebellion In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon
Organized angry frontier planters
Led raids on Native American villages.
Burned Jamestown.
The revolt ended when Bacon died suddenly.
23 of Bacon’s followers were hanged.

22. Tidewater and Backcountry
Where do these go?
Most settlements were near creeks and rivers allowing for easier trade (Tidewater)
Lived at the base of the Appalachian Mountains (Backcountry)
Were self-sufficient (Backcountry)
A small % owned large plantations (Tidewater)

23. Tidewater and Backcountry
Where do these go?
Planters made all crop decisions (Tidewater)
More democratic-settlers treated one another as equals (Backcountry)
Women did household work (Backcountry)
Few slaves worked on the farms (Backcountry)
Wives managed the household (Tidewater)
Slaves were crucial to success (Tidewater)

24. Middle Passage
Middle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies
On the Middle Passage slaves
Were crammed together and chained
Resisted, but few escaped
Died in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment

25. Section 4-Regulating Trade
Complete the statements
The theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade.
The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

26. Section 4-Regulating Trade
The Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships.
On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.

27. Section 4-Colonial Government
Most governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor.
Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.

28. Section 4-Limits
The right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land.
A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval.
Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.

29. Social Classes in the Colonies
DETAILS OF EACH CLASS
Gentry
Made up of lawyers, planters, ministers, and royal official
Wore latest fashions from London
Middle Class
Farmers, trades people, crafts men
¾ of all white colonists were middle class
Indentured Servants
Worked 4-7 years
Received land, tools, clothes to get started on their own once freed
1,000s of men, women, and children came to the colonies as indentured servants
Women
Country women-hunted and helped with the harvest
City women-cooks, maids, nurses, butchers, printers=had more opportunities than women in the country

30. Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.
Jonathan Edwards was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.
The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.

31. Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1600s-1700s that emphasized the use of reason to guide society.
John Locke was an Enlightenment philosopher.
The Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read.

32. People
Benjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him
John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press

33. Great Awakening Extra Credit=Worth up to 20 Bonus P0ints
Create an advertisement that shows your understanding of how the Great Awakening had effects in the colonies other than religious effects.
Due no later than Monday, October 3.