1. US History Goal 7.03

2. Review 13th Amendment- Freed the slaves
14th Amendment- Due Process; everyone equal before the law and entitled to same rights
15th Amendment- Universal Male Suffrage

3. Segregation and Jim Crow
De Jure- segregation based on law
De Facto- segregation based on tradition (social and economic factors- not laws)
Disenfranchisement- deny a certain group the right to vote
KKK and lynchings will be a means to keep blacks from voting
Jim Crow Laws- laws preventing former slaves from doing certain things

4. Voting Restrictions Voting Restrictions
Poll Tax- tax that was required in order to vote
Literacy Tests- required tests to qualify for voting
Grandfather Clause- people could still vote (even if they didn’t pay tax or pass test) if their father or grandfather was eligible to vote before Jan. 1, 1867

5. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Separation by race was legal and did not violate the 14th amendment
“Separate but equal” was constitutional

6. Responses to Jim Crow Ida Wells
Journalist- investigated and spoke publicly on lynching
Co-founded the National Association of Colored Women
Fought for civil rights, especially after Plessy decision

7. Washington v. DuBois Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois
Born into slavery, educated after emancipation
Became head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
Wanted whites and blacks to work together for social progress
Wanted economic independence for black Americans
Preached evolution and integration, not revolution
Did not oppose segregation
Challenged by Ida Wells and W.E.B. DuBois
W.E.B. DuBois
Disagreed with Washington
Believed blacks should be politically, legally and socially active to become truly equal
Niagara Movement- meeting of leading African-Americans that led to the founding of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

8. Washington vs. DuBois Washington DuBois
Preached accomodation (for now)- accept segregation
Blacks better themselves thru hard work and education- economic opportunities
DuBois
Advocated political action and a civil rights agenda
Co-founder of NAACP
Want immediate end to segregation
Achieve end to segregation by fighting it politically- use court system

9. Marcus Garvey “Back to Africa Movement”
Move back go Africa to find homeland
Important for building “Black Pride”

10. Great Migration Great Migration
Movement of thousands of African-Americans to northern cities in search of jobs
Lead to an increase in de facto segregation in urban cities (NYC, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, etc.)
African Americans thought North would be better- ability to open small businesses, buy or rent property, send their children to public school
Discrimination still exists in North

11. Great Migration