2.  Nationalism – excessive pride in one’s nation.  Importance:  nationalism fuels imperialism through the competition that I breeds  nationalistic view helped to unify various nations and provided similar language, culture, ect.  Example: Italy was able to unify because of the nationalism expressed through the citizens and various leaders BM

3.  Imperialism - the political, military, or economic domination of one country over another  Importance:  Many countries or nations colonized or overtook others nations  Imperialism is fueled by the competition from nationalism  Example: Britain’s colonization of South Africa because of their interest in the trade with India BM

4.  Opium wars- the wars between Britain and China over because of the large amounts of opium that Britain was importing into China  The opium was destroying the culture and citizens  Britain won and forced China to cede Hong and open free trade ports  This also led to China’s resistance stages  extraterritoriality: when the British were not tried fairly because they could not be prosecuted on Chinese soil BM

5.  Meiji Restoration- Japan’s attempt to westernize various aspects of their culture  Caused internal disruption because citizens were unsure as to how much to westernize.  Helped greatly with Japan’s military and their ability to resist other impeding nations  Industrialization BM

6. Congo South Africa Liberia Ethiopia BM

7. China Port Arthur Japan Nanjing Canton BeijingTokyo BM

8. GIUSEPPE MAZZINI (1805 – 1872) OTTO VON BISMARK (1815 – 1898)  The “Heart”  Founded Young Italy in 1831 Secret association promoting the unification and independence of Italy from foreign control  On the Duties of Man expressed nationalistic, democratic, and humanistic views  Cultural view joined with Cavour’s political organization Camillo Cavor (1810 – 1861)  The “Head”  Prime minister of Sardina-Piedmont under King Emmanuel II  Formed an alliance with Napoleon III against Austria  Completed Mazzini’s cultural view ( Spodek 602-603)  Prime minister of Prussia  Unified German states into a German nation  Assisted by William I (King of Prussia)  “Blood and Iron” – war and increase industrialization RX

9. LEOPOLD IIMENELIK II  King of Belgium  At the Berlin Conference (1884-1885), the Congo was allocated to Leopold II  Economic purposes: rubber and rich minerals  Harsh working conditions, slavery  Congo remained one of the most harshly administered of all African colonies (Spodek 627)  King of Ethiopia  Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia  Ethiopia remained independent because they had guns and trained forces to defeat Italy in 1896, at the Battle of Adowa RX

10. ZEXU LIN SUN YAT-SEN  Imperial comissioner  Tried to confiscate and destroy opium traded from Britain  Triggered Opium War (1839 – 1842 and 1856 – 1860)  (Spodek 614 and 617)  Cantonese, educated in Honolulu – Christian and doctor  Resistance of imperialism  Twofold anti-colonial revolution 1. Manchus 2. European, American and Japanese powers RX

11. EMPEROR MEIJI (R. 1867 – 1912)  Meiji Restoration - End shogunate power (shogunates were military leaders of Japan who ruled in the name of the emperor) - Power of daimyo and samurais (daimyo were the feudal lords of Japan, who controlled the entire country in the sixteenth century) RX

12. EMPEROR MEIJI (R. 1867 – 1912)  Meiji Restoration - End shogunate power (shogunates were military leaders of Japan who ruled in the name of the emperor) - Power of daimyo and samurais (daimyo were the feudal lords of Japan, who controlled the entire country in the sixteenth century) (Spodek 633) RX

14. What reasons caused the expansion of the Dutch and the British in South Africa? In 1652, the Dutch established a colony at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa as a way station en route to and from India and the Spice Islands. After some time, British immigrants came thus sparking the beginning of the British take over. With the displacement of the KhoiKhoi, the British got more control/area. With the growing population of the British, the Dutch went on their great trek. With the construction of the Suez Canal, the British lost interest in it until the discovery of the gold and diamond in S. Africa thus causing a great spike in British population? AO

15. What were the causes of the Boer war and what were its consequences in South Africa? With the discovery of the diamonds and gold in South Africa, general hostile competition between the Boers and the British escalated into a full-scale war. It resulted in giving the British full control of the colony and South Africa. This caused S. Africa to be considered a white settler colony despite its black majority. AO

16. It in the end served to control the amount of land in which each country received thus limiting its economic exploitations that it could have gotten. It also worsened the working conditions of workers having them killed or shot for not fulfilling their quotas and/or production. What ways did the Berlin Conference impact European imperialism in Africa? AO

17. How did European imperialism effect the KhoiKhoi and Zulu kingdom? The KhoiKhoi chiefdoms dissolved in the face of warfare, displacement, and catastrophic smallpox epidemics that decimated their numbers. They were also taken as slaves to fill the labor needs of the Europeans. AO

18. Mazzini: http://www.brigantaggio.net/Brigantaggio/Personaggi/Mazzini2.JPG Cavour http://www.lsg.musin.de/geschichte/!daten-gesch/20jh/nach-45/italien/italia-cavour.jpg Otto Von Bismarck http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/responses/trachtman/images/13A.JPG Leopold II http://schrijversveer.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/leopold-ii.jpg Menelik II http://www.ethiolove.net/site/uploads/images/ethiolove/menelik_medium.jpg Zexu Lin http://blog.holachina.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/lin-zexu.jpg Sun Yat-Sen http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Money/I- money-choices-pic2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Money/I- money-choices-pic2.html&usg=__Bp- UzwP3qlOJtV_D1eziXSizyEg=&h=428&w=320&sz=32&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=B oSopItI2FH8OM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsun%2Byat- sen%26hl%3Den%26um%3D1 Emporer Meiji http://www.cccsd.org/CurriculumContent/ghg2004/images/meiji.jpg