1. PRESENTATION SKILLS

2. PREPARING A PRESENTATION
Defining the Purpose
Knowing the audience
Dealing with logistics
Knowing the venue
Clarifying objectives
Finding Material
Structuring Material
Writing the Presentation
Using Audio-Visual Aids
Rehearsing

3. PREPARING YOURSELF Believing in yourself Analyzing Appearance
Enhancing Body Image.
Improving your Voice
Eliminating Tension

4. DELIVERING A PRESENTATION
Controlling Nerves
Speaking Confidently
Closing Effectively

5. HANDLING AN AUDIENCE Judging the Mood Dealing with Questions
Coping with hostility
Assessing your Ability

6. TIPS FOR ‘SUCCESSFUL AND EFFECTIVE’ PRESENTATIONS
The LLC policy
The Language of the 6 Cs & 4 Ss
The ‘BOMBER-B’ effect
The ‘FLICK’ policy
The 4 Pillars of ‘Self Belief’

7. ‘LLC’
L : Listen
L : Learn
C : Communicate

8. The 6 C’s & 4 S’s
In any business transaction, adherence to the 7 C’s &
the 4 S’s helps the sender in transmitting a message
with ease and accuracy.
The 6 C’s:
Clear : Makes comprehension easier.
Conciseness : Saves time
Complete : No ambiguity
Correct : Facts & figures – credibility & confidence
Courteous : Polite - improves relationships
Convincing : Will be ‘remembered’

9. The 4 S’s Shortness : Economizes Simplicity : Impresses
Strength : Convinces
Sincerity : Appeals

10. ‘BOMBER – B’ (This will make your presentation ‘fly’)
B ang !
O pening !
M essage !
B ridge !
E xamples !
R ecap !

11. The ‘FLICK’ Policy Visuals - Practical Guidelines
F rame
L arge
I mages
C olour
K iss

12. Body Language

13. Sadness
__ __ ____
______ ________
__ _____ ________

14. Body Language
Body language is what the other person sees even before he or she hears a word.
It is those messages that continue to be transmitted unconsciously throughout any encounter.
A persons body language speaks a message that at times may conflict with his / her words, but correctly interpreted the unspoken message is the more honest.

15. Body Language (Cont’d)
People will believe what your body says
even if you are trying to use words to say
something different.
You will make the situation worse if you
try to hide your body language.
What does your body say when you try
to manage people?

16. Body Language (Cont’d)
How well can you “read” the body
language of your boss?
What is the body language of successful
executives and how can you learn it.

17. Observe Unspoken Communication
Do this at home :
* Watch a TV program with the sound switched
off. See how much of the story line you can
pick up from the context, body language,
distance and touch.
* Try the same with a news broadcast.
* In your daily activities, be aware of the silent
messages people are sending.

18. Observe Unspoken Communication (Cont’d)
Try to determine the messages your body is sending.
Catch a glimpse of yourself in a a window or mirror.
- Was your head down ?
- Your face grim ?
- Were you standing erect with a
pleasant, interested look on your face ?

19. Use Unspoken Communication
Context
* Dress appropriately to the situation.
* Make the most of your physical
appearance through good hairstyling,
clean and well pressed clothes.
Remember ! You need not be ‘good
looking’ but you surely need to ‘look
good’ Cont’d

20. Use Unspoken Communication (Cont’d)
Body Language
* Your facial expression should reflect the
emotion being expressed verbally.
* As a listener, use your face to show interest. As
a speaker, use your face to reinforce your
statements.
* Make eye contact, but do not stare. Look away
when you begin to speak, but look back at the
other person as you finish. Hand the
conversation back to him / her Cont’d

21. Use Unspoken Communication (Cont’d)
* Think of your eyes as a part of your
communication tools, just as your voice is.
* Do not let your posture give a different
message than your words. To convey interest in
the speaker, lean forward with your back
straight and your arms open.
* Use appropriate gestures. Nod agreement.
* Keep an appropriate distance so that the other
person is comfortable with the space between
the two of you.

22. Use Unspoken Communication (Cont’d)
* Use touch to convey warmth and emotional
support as when comforting a bereaved person,
but be wary of touching beyond the firm
handshakes in the business world.
* When speaking, use a resonant tone and
moderate volume. Vary the pitch and rate of
speaking.

23. 1. Reading Body Language.
“ The most important thing in Communicating is to hear what isn’t being said ”.
Reading Body Language teaches you to
listen with your eyes as well as your ears.

24. - Facial expressions (Your eyes).
Body Language (Contd)
This includes :
- Posture
- Body movement.
- Gestures (Your arms)
- Facial expressions (Your eyes).
and Appearance (Your face, smile, and emotions).
- Touch

25. 2. Types of Body Language P osture and gestures. E ye Contact.
O rientation.
P roximity.
L ooks Appearance.
E xpressions of Emotion.

26. Importance of Good Posture
Puts your audience at ease.
Helps you personally to stay relaxed.
Helps you to stay alert and confident.

27. Good Posture - Tips Stand erect, relaxed with weight on both feet.
Avoid leaning / standing on one foot.
Avoid standing with feet wide apart.

28. Movement MOVE TO : Hold Attention. Get rid of Nervousness.
Suggest transitions.
Increase emphasis through gestures.

29. Gestures
To Emphasise.
To Point.
To Reject.
To Describe.

30. Gestures - Suggestions
Vary gestures.
Use appropriate gestures.
Avoid continuous gestures.
Match timing of gesture with thought expressed.

31. Mannerisms to Avoid Swaying from side to side, backwards and forwards.
Fiddling with markers, pointers etc.
Placing hands in pockets.
Meaningless repetitive gestures.
Pacing to and fro.
Waving arms.

32. Light House Techniques
Sweep your audience
with your eyes staying
only seconds on each person.
Avoid looking at one member or at a fixed point on the wall / floor / ceiling.

33. Facial Expressions / Appearance
Smile - It improves your
face value.
Be enthusiastic.
Show sincerity.
Dress appropriately.

34. 3. Using Body Language can use. UNDERSTAND the negative
IDENTIFY the positive signs you
can use.
UNDERSTAND the negative
signs you may give.
BEWARE of giving conflicting
signs.

35. 4. Visual Clues and What They Mean. (General)
Behaviour Likely Meaning
Lack of movement Playing safe.
Sitting back “Let me think about it.”
Impatient sigh, hands on hips, Aggressive.
pursed lips, chin thrust forward
Arms or legs crossed Closed to ideas, unreceptive.
Jacket buttoned Formal.
Jacket unbuttoned Informal.

36. Visual Clues (Body)
Behaviour Likely Meaning Body : Leaning back Skeptical, unwilling to commit. Body : Leaning back Relaxed, possible with hands behind reservations, no sense head of urgency. Body : Leaning forward Positive interest in topic. Body : Slouching Trying to be unobtrusive, low self esteem.

37. Visual Clues (Eyes) Behaviour Likely Meaning
Eyes blinking slowly Uncomfortable, not willing to be there.
Eyes at top left Quickly evaluating and planning next manouvre – possibly hostile.
Eyes at top right Doing mental problem solving, trying to figure something out.
Eyes darting Anxious, unconfident, not
prepared.

38. And more clues (Eyes) Behaviour Likely Meaning
Eyes narrowed Evaluating, assessing.
Eyes staring Not paying attention, day dreaming .
Eyes wide Interested, making an important point.
Eyes looking over tops Evaluating, assessing.
of glasses

39. Visual Clues (Hands) Behaviour Likely Meaning
Hands clasped in front Possibly conservative, closed mind.
Hands on hips / hip jut Confident, bordering on arrogant – issuing a challenge.
Hands open, palms down Demanding – showing control.
Hands open, palms up Asking, wanting, needing –
showing vulnerability.
Hands folded in lap / stomach Protective.
Hands on desk “Lets do business”.

40. Visual Clues (Head and Smile)
Behaviour Likely Meaning
Head straight on Confident.
Head tilted back Arrogant, cocky.
Head tilted down Shy, ashamed or lying.
Head cocked to one side Listening with interest.
Smile with eyes crinkled Joyful, expressing pleasure.
Smile without eyes crinkled Trying to gain approval.

41. Visual Clues (Contd) * Be aware of facial expressions like :
Rolling your eyes, making faces, frowning etc.
* Put a smile in your face and voice.
* Lack of eye contact conveys conflicting feelings / incomplete communication.
* Look person in the eye. It depicts interest and self confidence.

42. Visual Clues (Contd)
Shifting weight from one foot to another, avoiding eye contact, head down, stooping shoulders, nervous movements and closed body and hand gestures – non aggressive.
Cocking head – showing interest.

43. Assertiveness

44. “ To know how to refuse is as
important as to know how to
consent ”.

45. Assertiveness. Meaning. - Confidence translated into Action.
- Not bullying nor brow beating, but
simply allowing convictions to
carry conversation.
Honesty combined with a non-confrontational
manner makes ASSERTIVENESS the most
valuable tool in the managerial kit.

46. Assertiveness ! ! What it comprises.
Eye contact.
Body posture.
Distance.
Gestures.
Facial expression and tone of voice.
Fluency.
Timing.
Listening.
Content.

47. How to Assert ? Project confident Body Language. Speak with authority.
- Lean towards person you are influencing.
- Get into his space.
- Don’t slouch.
- Make and maintain eye contact.
- If you sit, don’t fidgit; if you stand, don’t pace.
Speak with authority.
- Assertive people enunciate.
- Speak clearly. Address someone in particular,
rather than the air.

48. How to Assert ? (Contd) Take ownership of issues.
- Use ‘I’ statements.
- Let people know how you feel about issues.
- Stick to the point and end on a strong note.
- Don’t dwindle and say “and so on” or “etc, etc”.
Confirm understandings.
- Build commitment to action. (Can you see why I’m
upset ?”, “Do you agree with my point ?”)

49. How to Assert ? (Contd) Present your ideas with confidence. Focus.
- Let your confidence show.
- Don’t be afraid to defend the processes you’ve set out.
- Don’t feel guilty about saying no.
- Don’t be stubborn.
- Incorporate any ‘improvement’ to your plan if
offered.
Focus.
- Don’t get sidetracked.
- Restate your concern, if conversation goes around in
circles.

50. How to Assert ? (Contd)
Confine discussion to specific facts and have supporting documentation at hand.
Do not generalise about issues.
- Solve individual problems to your satisfaction.
- Do not make generalised accusations about a
subordinates incompetence.
Maintain your authority
- Never begin with an apology or an accusation.
- Balance the ‘rights’ and ‘responsibilities’, equally.
- Do not use authority to silence the other person
prematurely. Always AGREE TO DISAGREE. -

51. Where you need to be really assertive.
Responding assertively to a marriage partner.
Dealing with colleagues at work more assertively.
Returning faulty goods to a shop or unsatisfactory food in a restaurant.
Not responding aggressively in a situation.
Being able to speak in front of a group of people or deliver a short speech.