1. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.278
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
We will learn about the precedents (firsts/examples) that George Washington made as President.
We will learn about Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's, economic plan for America.
We will learn about the Whiskey Rebellion and how George Washington responded to rioting in the new country.
LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES:
We will read, discuss, see visuals, answer questions, and write about the Presidency of George Washington.

2. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.278

3. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.278
George Washington made it clear by his choice of title that the “President of the United States” would not be a king or royalty like in Europe, but a citizen of the new nation.

4. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.278

5. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.278
Washington’s First Steps
Washington’s inauguration took place at Federal Hall in New York City which was the nation’s capitol at that time.
On April 30,1789, George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States.

6. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.278
Washington’s First Steps
“There is scarcely any part of my conduct
which may not hereafter be drawn into
precedent.”
President Washington set a precedent of giving a speech after his inauguration. Every president since has given a speech telling how they are going to start leading the country. This was just one of many “firsts” the president would make that other presidents have followed.

7. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.279

8. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.279
The First Cabinet
George Washington set another precedent by asking Congress to create executive departments to help him run the government. They became known as the President’s Cabinet.
Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton
Washington chose well-known leaders to advice him about how to run the country. He chose Thomas Jefferson to be Secretary of State to help with foreign policy and Alexander Hamilton to be Secretary of the Treasury to help with the economy.

9. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.279

10. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.279
The Federal Court System
The Constitution did not tell how many Federal Courts there would be, so Congress had to create the court system by passing the Judiciary Act of 1789 which set up a Supreme Court with 6 members, federal district courts, and circuit courts (like Appeals courts today).

11. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.279
The Federal Court System
John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Here he can be seen in his judge’s robes.

12. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.279

13. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.280

14. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.280
Reducing the Nation’s Debt
As you recall, the United States was still deep in debt from the Revolutionary War. The U.S. owed foreign countries, citizens, and soldiers money that they borrowed to fight and win the war.
Most of the money was borrowed by selling savings bonds. A bond is a promise by the government to repay the money a citizen loaned the government plus a certain amount of interest on a certain date in the future.

15. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.280
Hamilton’s Plan
The problem Alexander Hamilton faced was that the U.S. was bringing in very little money and owed a lot of money back to people for the bonds they bought.

16. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.280
Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of the Treasury

17. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.280
Alexander Hamilton
Hamilton’s plan was to buy back or pay off the old bonds by giving people new bonds (worth more money in the future). This would give the government time to earn money and time for the economy to improve so they could pay off the new bonds.
OLD Bond
NEW bond

18. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.280

19. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.281
Debating Hamilton’s Plan

20. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.281
Balancing the Budget
Reducing the National Debt
Madison’s complaints:
1. Speculators were buying up old bonds and might make lots of money instead of the people who were given the bonds.
2. Southern States have already paid off most of their debt, so it’s not fair to use their tax money to pay off northern debts.
Hamilton wants:
1. To pay off old bonds and debts immediately by issuing (selling) new bonds.
2. To pay off state’s debts from the federal (national) tax money.

21. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.281

22. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.281
Pierre L’Enfant’s early plan for the city of Washington D.C.

23. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.282

24. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.282
Hamilton’s Plan =
Bank of U.S. for loans Tariff on imports Tax on Whiskey Out of DEBT
Hamilton’s plan was to create a Bank of the United States (even though it isn’t in the Constitution) which could loan money to farmers and businesses, put protective tariffs on many goods coming to America to help American businesses, and put a tax on whiskey. All of these things should put money in the treasury.

25. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.282

26. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.282
The Whiskey Rebellion
Tarred and feathered tax collector
Many farmers who turned their corn into whiskey hated the new tax on liquor which cut into their profits. In Pennsylvania, the farmers started a rebellion against the tax.

27. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
pg.282
The Whiskey Rebellion

28. Washington Takes Office
Chapter 9
section 1
Washington Takes Office
pg.282
The Whiskey Rebellion
President Washington inspecting the troops who stopped the Whiskey Rebellion
George Washington used a show of strength having troops quickly respond to the rebellion, showing the country that their new government was strong enough to rule a nation.