1. ES Hwang Inorganic Product Specialist PerkinElmer Korea
AAnalyst 600
ES Hwang
Inorganic Product Specialist
PerkinElmer Korea

2. … the best dedicated THGA furnace system
AAnalyst 600…
Features
Dedicated THGA furnace
High sensitivity segmented solid-state photodiode detector
Simultaneous measurement of sample and reference beams
Transversely heated graphite furnace
Longitudinal Zeeman effect background correction
Benefits
THGA furnace reduces interferences in difficult matrices
Exceptional analytical performance and detection limits
Highest Long-term Stability
Minimized interferences and memory effects
Shorter analysis time (fast furnace programs)
Best possible background correction with no light loss
… the best dedicated THGA furnace system

3. AAnalyst 600 AA Spectrometers
AAnalyst 700 in flame operation
Here we see the AAnalyst 700 in flame operation.
Note that the instrument you see is both a flame and graphite furnace (HGA) instrument, all in one instrument.
The footprint of this instrument is no bigger than that of our established 4110 ZL or SIMAA 6000 instrument and only marginally bigger than the AAnalyst 300
Consequently the AAnalyst 700/800 offer considerable savings with respect to laboratory bench space.
Note also the front sample tray, of cast aluminium alloy, with a corrosion resistant coating (tested against aqua regia and organic solvents) and able to support the optional FIAS, AutoPrep 50 and AS90/91 autosamplers. 2

4. AAnalyst 600 Revolutionary Optical System
Optical System of the AAnalyst 700/800
The lamps are arranged in a rack-style lamp holder on the left hand side.
The specific lamp is selected by the plane mirror and the height and focus by the torroidal mirror, near the D2 lamp.
The sample and reference beams are generated by a 50:50 beam splitter. The sample light beam is passed through the atomizer and focussed into the monochromator as with any other AA.
Reflected back from the beam splitter, the reference beam is focussed behind the sample compartment into a high performance fiber optic that brings the reference beam into the monochromator at a different height to the sample beam.
Both sample and reference beams pass simultaneously through the monochromator before reaching different segments of the solid state detector.
Unlike conventional double-beam AAs, whereby the sample and reference beams are separated in time by means of a mechanical chopper, here they are separated in space.
The sample and reference measurements are made simultaneously. This means there is more time available to measure the sample and reference signals within each measurement cycle, which leads to improvements in signal/noise and precision.

5. AAnalyst 600 Unique Features
First AA spectrometer
Integrated furnace
Zeeman-THGA graphite furnace
Unique Features of the AAnalyst 700/800 Spectrometers
Perkin-Elmer has developed the first AA spectrometer with fully integrated flame and furnace capabilities.
The change between flame and furnace is automatic per software command, and then a motorized carriage and arm moves one of the atomizers down and to the side and brings the other atomizer up into the light beam.
The alignment of the atomizer in the light beam is fully automatic, and no longer requires user intervention unlike conventional manual systems.
The furnace system is either a Massmann-type longitudinally heated HGA with D2 background correction (AAnalyst 700)
or Zeeman-effect background corrected transversely heated THGA atomizer (AAnalyst 800)
In the AAnalyst 700 or 800 the full dynamic range and versatility of AA is contained in one compact instrument.

6. AAnalyst 600 Unique Features
First AA spectrometer
8-lamp holder
Automatic lamp selection and adjustment
Built-in power supplies
Hollow cathode lamps
Electrodeless discharge lamps
Additional Features of AAnalyst 700/800 AA Spectrometers
Although the flame furnace changeover is automated, that is but a small part of the total automation built-in to these instruments.
An 8 lamp holder, can contain up to 8 hollow cathode lamps or up to 4 electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs), with an additional 4 hollow cathode lamps.
The power supplies are built-in, so no external power supply is required for the EDLs
Lamp alignment is also automatic, so just insert the coded Lumina lamp, shut the door and the instrument does the rest, automatically aligning the lamp for maximum light throughput and setting the wavelength and slit.
Non-coded lamps can be used, though these have to be defined in the Align Lamps window of the AA WinLab software, but alignment is still automatic.
The motorized moving atomizer allows automatic alignment of the flame or furnace in the light beam. Manual controls are also available to allow users to select different conditions, especially for flame, to reduce or eliminate interferences.

7. AAnalyst 600 Highly Versatile Furnace Autosampler
User Benefits:
Automatic generation of reference solutions
Automatic multiple injections
Automatic dilution
Automatic injection into a preheated tube
Variable pipetting speed
Ease-of-operation

8. AAnalyst 600 Revolutionary Optical System
Real time double beam system
High sensitivity segmented solid-state photodiode detector
User Benefits:
Exceptional analytical performance
Highest Long-term Stability
Optical System
The AAnalyst 700/800 AA spectrometers are not only automated but offer major technical advances with respect to optical design and the detector.
The AAnalyst 700/800 have a real time double beam system along with a high sensitivity segmented solid-state photodiode detector.
The use of a new optical design and the solid state detector allows the simultaneous measurement of the sample and reference beams.
The optical design allows double beam operation in flame mode and single beam operation for furnace operation.
This overcomes the traditional compromise between double and single-beam systems for flame or furnace operation.
The AAnalyst 700/800 does not have any compromises, for each technique, flame or furnace etc, the optimum optical configuration is used.
This provides, exceptional long term stability and optimum analytical performance for flame and furnace.

9. AAnalyst 600 Customized Solid-State Detector
Highest quantum efficiency
Integrated low noise CMOS charge amplifier array
Exceptional signal-to-noise ratio
Customized Solid-State Detector
The picture above is a close-up picture of the solid-state segmented photodiode detector. On the left is the CMOS amplifier array.
On the right is the actual detector, which is composed on 9 segments. The 9 segments are due to the improvements in signal to noise gained rather than using two large photodiodes.
The diagram below shows the break down of the various detector elements.

10. AAnalyst 600 Quantum Efficiency of Detectors
photomultiplier
solid state detector
Quantum Efficiency of Solid-state Detector vs PMT
The quantum efficiencies of the AAnalyst 700/800 segmented photodiode solid-state detector and of the R928 photomultiplier tube used in the 4110 ZL are compared.
The quantum efficiency of the solid state detector is seen to be significantly higher throughout the wavelength range.
The response of the solid-state detector is optimized at near 200 nm so that the factor in this region is about five.

11. AAnalyst 600 Furnace (THGA) Instrument Detection Limits
THGA Instrument detection limits (IDL) / pg
Element PMT Photodiode As Cr Cu Mn Pb Tl
AAnalyst 800 Furnace (THGA) Instrument Detection Limits
For THGA operation, in the AAnalyst 800, the beam splitter is moved to the side and the optical system is in single beam mode.
This avoids any loss of light from the reference beam as this is not required in furnace mode as the Baseline Offset Correction (BOC) corrects for any optical or electronic drift prior to each reading.
The THGA instrument detection limits show similar or improved detection limits to those obtained by a conventional PMT equipped, THGA system.

12. AAnalyst 600 Automatic Lamp Selector
8-Lamp holder
Built-in power supplies for hollow cathode and electrodeless discharge lamps
Automatic alignment, element, wavelength and slit selection
Automatic Lamp Selector
This picture shows the 8 lamp holder, filled with Perkin-Elmer Lumina hollow cathode lamps.
The power supplies are built-in, so no external power supply is required for the EDLs
Lamp alignment is also automatic, so just insert the coded Lumina lamp, shut the door and the instrument does the rest, automatically aligning the lamp for maximum light throughput and setting the wavelength and slit.
Non-coded lamps can be used, though these have to be defined in the Align Lamps window of the AA WinLab software, but alignment is still automatic.

13. AAnalyst 600 Unique Overall Conception
Total system control via AA WinLab32 software for highest versatility and simplest operating convenience
Atomizer control
Lamp and lamp current control
THGA control
Accessory control
Total Range & Total Control AA
The AAnalyst 700/800 instruments represent not only the ultimate in ease of use and operating convenience with respect to hardware, but the AA WinLab software, takes these concepts further and applies them to the whole system.
Clear, easy to use control windows allow optimisation and control of all the major instrumental parameters.
The AAnalyst 700/800 with AA WinLab will set these automatically, but the control windows allow you to make changes should you so wish, or in the early days confirm that the instrument ‘got-it-right’ until you gain confidence in the instruments capabilities!

14. AAnalyst 600 Unique Software Conception
Automatic system setup from stored user’s methods
Direct from Workspace
Method
Sample information
Individual screen design, window selection etc.
User Benefits:
Analytical reliability
Ease-of-operation
Time-saving
‘Two clicks and your’re in business’ Software!
The AA WinLab software allows a high degree of flexibility and control over your methods and analyses.
But once your methods are created, along with your own personal ‘Workspaces’, you can easily recall individual screen arrangements of different windows, along with your method, sample information file etc, and you are ready to start work.
Unlimited numbers of workspaces can be created, allowing you to tailor AA WinLab to not yours but also your colleagues wishes. This provides a high degree of usability not found in many competitive products.
This gives you:
Analytical reliability, methods are recalled easily and quickly
Ease of operation and reduced training requirements
Reduced time spent in setting up the instrument and less errors
From the AA WinLab opening screen, opening and selecting a Workspace takes 2 mouse clicks - what could be simpler?

15. Bringing a new level of productivity to high-performance AA
WinLab32 for AA
Bringing a new level of productivity to high-performance AA

16. AA WinLab32 - Features and Benefits
Improve productivity
Data Reprocessing *
WinLab32 Offline *
Priority samples *
Append to Analysis List *
Edit Calibration
Recall Calibration
Furnace Method Development wizard *
Improve ease of use and reduce training
Tool tips (available in 6 languages) *
Wizards *
Analysis List *
AS-93 parameters integrated *
* New features not present in 16-bit AA WinLab

17. AA WinLab32 - Features and Benefits
Reduce training and support
Common look and feel with WinLab32 for ICP-OES
CD Document Pack
Improve stability and data accessibility
Access database *
Method and data security
Password protection *
Multiple user levels *
Data check sums to detect changes *
21 CFR Part 11 Compliant
* New features not present in 16-bit AA WinLab

18. WinLab32 for AA Workspace
Status Monitor
Toolbar
Automated Analysis
Results
Calibration
Common look and feel with WinLab32 for ICP for easy cross platform training

19. Recalculation of analytical data
Data Reprocessing
Recalculation of analytical data
Correct SIF errors
Change calibration function
Delete replicate(s)
Performed using the raw data
Samples can be reprocessed in any sequence
Original data are preserved
Analytical log can be printed
Reprocessed data are identified

20. Data Reprocessing Status display
Select samples in the order you want them reprocessed.
Change sample information in these columns

21. Furnace Method Development Wizard
Define Solutions
To Analyze
Define Furnace
Steps to cycle
Temperatures
Analyze Solutions and Display Results

22. Align Autosampler Tip Wizard

23. Auto dilution by system

24. Samples can be added without interrupting current analyses
Priority Sample
Samples can be added without interrupting current analyses

25. Exporting Data to LABWORKS
Export data to LABWORKS

26. WinLab32 Enhanced Security Option
Enhancement to WinLab32 for AA (and ICP)
Significant set of new features
Audit trails
File versioning
Enable compliance with new regulations
21 CFR Part 11 - Pharmaceutical
40 CFR Part 3 - Environmental (proposed)
Others
Primarily for highly regulated laboratories
Users actions are restricted
Increased storage space requirements
Additional information entry requirements
Requires more system housekeeping

27. AAnalyst 600 Total Range Graphite Furnace AA
THGA-type furnace with Zeeman-effect background correction
User Benefits:
Selection of the best system for individual requirements and budgets
High performance, near interference-free trace analysis with STPF concept
Total Range Graphite Furnace AA
The AAnalyst 700 is equipped with a Massmann-type longitudinally heated graphite furnace with D2 background correction.
The AAnalyst 800 is equipped with a transversely heated graphite furnace with Zeeman-effect background correction.
This allows the user to choose the graphite furnace system that best meets their requirements and budgets.
Clearly, if the only graphite furnace need was the determination of Pb in drinking water, then the AAnalyst 700 would be fine.
However, if this included the determination of Pb in waste water, sludges etc, then the AAnalyst 800 with Zeeman-effect background correction would be the best choice.
Both systems use graphite tubes with integrated platforms, which provide improved performance and allow a full implementation of Stabilised Platform Furnace Technology (STPF) which provided near interference-free graphite furnace analyses.

28. AAnalyst 600 Integrated THGA Furnace System
THGA Graphite Furnace
The AAnalyst 800 is equipped with a THGA graphite furnace. This picture shows the THGA unit mounted in the light beam
The compact THGA graphite furnace head is PTFE coated to provide outstanding resistance to corrosive vapours/atmospheres.

29. AAnalyst 600 Zeeman THGA Furnace
Transversely heated graphite furnace
Longitudinal Zeeman effect background correction
User Benefits:
Exceptional detection limits
Minimized interferences and memory effects
Best possible background correction
Mimimum sample preparation time
Shorter analysis time (fast furnace programs)
Zeeman THGA Graphite Furnace
There is no simpler graphite furnace available than the THGA. Only one tube, no alignment required after insertion of a new tube, no insertion of a platform required, along with pneumatic opening and closing of the furnace for increased reliability are some of the features that guarantee ease of use.
The THGA graphite furnace provides:
Exceptional detection limits for volatile and refractory elements
Reduced interferences due to a constant temperature over the whole tube length
Zeeman-effect background correction

30. AAnalyst 600 Integrated THGA System
THGA Concept: more than 2500 systems in use
Longitudinal Zeeman- Effect: highly resolved background compensation without light loss
DC furnace power supply
Closest approach to the "ideal system"
Integrated THGA System
More than 2500 THGA units are in operation around the world.
The uniform temperature distribution of the THGA graphite tube design allows full implementation of STPF. Interferences and memory effects are reduced due to the absence of cold tube ends where matrix or analyte may condense.
Longitudinal Zeeman-effect background correction does not require the use of a polarizer, ensuring that optimum detection limits are obtained due to the high light throughput.
The new DC power supply complies with the DIN/EN-Norm to be enforced in 2001.
The THGA represents the closest commercial approach to an ‘ideal’ graphite furnace atomizer.

31. AAnalyst 600 Integrated THGA System
Atomic and
background signals
for Ba, 20uL, 25 ug/L
Atomic and background signals for Ba
Improvements have not only been made to the optical and detector systems in the AAnalyst 800 instrument but also to the furnacer power supply.
To conform with European safety power regulations (DIN/EN-Norm) to be enforced in the year 2001, a new DC power supply for both the AAnalyst 700 (HGA) and AAnalyst 800 (THGA) has been implemented.
This system controls the temperature and heating rate and ensures that the heating rate is independent of the mains voltage and in addition, there is no noise contribution by AC emission from the graphite tube.
The effects of this new power supply are clearly seen in this atomization signal for Ba. Normally, far more noise is seen on this signal from a conventional, transformer heated graphite furnace system. Here a smooth, relatively noise-free signal is produced.
The benefits of the THGA system are also seen. Although Ba is a refractory element and forms a stable carbide in the graphite furnace, the uniform temperatures within the THGA system ensure that the signal returns quickly to the baseline and memory effects are considerably reduced.

32. AAnalyst 600 Zeeman versus D2 Background Correction
Background correction independent of wavelength
True double-beam with only one optical path
Baseline noise at least 2x lower
Optical resolution Dl is 100x better
Char. mass typically 10 and 20 % poorer than with D2 (the m0 for the worst case, Cu, is 50% poorer)
Zeeman-effect background correction gives superior detection limits in real samples
Zeeman-effect versus D2 background correction
The advantages of Zeeman-effect background correction are the following:
Background correction is independent of wavelength, with D2, much correction much beyond 360 nm is difficult due to the reduced D2 lamp intensity.
Zeeman-effect provides true double beam performance with only one optical path through the system.
As there is only one light source then the baseline noise is much lower which generally leads to an improvement in detection limits
Zeeman-effect background correction is accepted by nearly all manufacturers as the the best background correction system for unkown samples, difficult matrices etc.
The only disdvantage to Zeeman-effect background correction is the reduced sensitivity for those elements with anomalous splitting, which is generally 10-20%. The worst case is Cu, with a 50% reduction, but the absolute sensitivuty for Cu in the graphite furnace is good, such that this rarely causes a problem. In addition, this loss in sensitivity is easily overcome by taking a slightly larger sample volume.

33. AAnalyst 600 Highly Versatile Furnace Autosampler
High-capacity, interchangeable sample trays
88 or 146 sample positions
Full AA WinLab32 control including multi-tasking
User Benefits:
Automatic generation of reference solutions
Automatic multiple injections
Automatic dilution
Automatic injection into a preheated tube
Variable pipetting speed
Ease-of-operation
AS 800 Graphite Furnace Autosampler
The AS 800 is a new design of autosampler, preserving the tried and tested features of the previous autosampler such as the AS 70/72, but addressing the comments we have received back from our users.
The tray sizes have been increased to allow increased throughput and allow the system to run all night not just for a short period:
80 x 2 ml + 8 x 7 ml
130 x 1.2 ml + 8 x 2 ml + 8 x 7 ml
All plastic construction to reduce corrosion
Pipette arm is stepper motor controlled allowing reproducible setting of depth in sample cup and graphite tube.
With control of the autosampler via the AA WinLab software this allows:
Automatic generation of reference solutions and calibration curves
Multiple injections for in-tube preconcentration
Automatic dilution of over-range samples
Full control of the autosampler sequence and actions
Ease of use.

34. AAnalyst 600 Flow Injection - Furnace Coupling
Optional accessory for coupling FI-MHS with furnace AA
Software controlled automatic operation
User Benefits:
Detection limits in range of ng/L
Time-savings by automatic on-line operation
Less interferences since matrix components are removed in the FI system
Flow Injection-Furnace Coupling
With the optional FIAS-Furnace coupling kit, Hg or hydride vapours from a FIAS system are transported directly to the furnace via a special autosampler quartz capillary where they are trapped on the Ir-coated graphite surface.
Both the FIAS and furnace systems are automatically controlled from the AA WinLab software.
Following trapping, the furnace starts a short program to flush the graphite tube free of water vapour before atomization.
This technique provides significant improvements in relative detection limits, over 100 times better compared with conventional hydride generation equipment.
In addition to ng/L detection limits and fully automated on-line operation, FI-furnace AA also reduces potential interferences with the complete removal of matrix components prior to analysis and the high atomization efficiency of the furnace.

35. AAnalyst 600 Automatic Slurry Sampling
Optional ultrasonic probe integrated in the autosampler
Automatic introduction of solid samples as slurries
Full software control
User Benefits:
Reduced sample preparation and analysis time
Reduced potential for contamination
Easy operation
Automatic Slurry Sampling with the USS 800
The new USS 800 Ultrasonic slurry sampler accessory is a completely new design of slurry sampler to allow analysis of slurry samples, such as refractory materials and those difficult to digest.
The USS 800 fits conveniently under the main AS 800 unit and is fully controlled from AA WinLab.
The slurry sampler is moved by means of stepper motors, which allows greater control of the positioning and depth of the probe along with movement speed.
Slurry sampling has major benefits in reducing the sample preparation time and the risk of contamination, especially for samples that previously required a complicated digestion procedure.
With full control of the slurry sampler integrated into the AA WinLab software, implementation of slurry sampling into the range of graphite furnace analyses becomes much easier.

36. What else can PerkinElmer offer?
Sample Preparation Solutions
Multiwave 3000
High Pressure Asher (HPA)
Flow Injection Technology (FIAS)
For sample pre-treatment
Hydride generation
Stand-alone Mercury systems (FIMS)
Sample Introduction Systems
Autodilutors
Laser Ablation systems
World class service and support

37. Inorganic sample preparation….
Multiwave 3000
Reduced digestion times
Superior digestion quality
Time-saving
Easy operation
Maximum safety
High Pressure Asher
Complete sample mineralization
Minimum organic residue
No elemental losses
No contamination
Multiwave 3000
HPA system
…a clear solution for sample preparation !

38. FIAS – Flow Injection Systems
2 Models
FIAS 100 (1 valve, 1 pump)
FIAS 400 (1 valve, 2 pumps)
Automated sampling for Flame AA
Dilution
Add reagents or modifiers
Matrix removal
Preconcentration
Improved sample handling
Small sample volumes
High solids samples
Hydride generation
Determination of As, Se, Te, Be, Sb, Sn
FIAS 100 system
FIAS 400 system

39. Flow Injection Mercury Systems
FIMS 400
Determines Mercury via Cold Vapor AA (CVAA)
Small footprint
Fully automated
Easy to operate
Stand alone system
Cost effective
Now with WinLab32 for AA software

40. Easiest, simplest AA furnace Full automation Full range of accessories
AAnalyst 600 Conclusions
Not just another AA!
No compromises!
Easiest, simplest AA furnace
Full automation
Full range of accessories
Power of AA WinLab32 software
Ultimate in performance
The AA instrument to take you beyond
AAnalyst 700/800 Conclusions
The AAnalyst 700/800 AA spectrometers are not just another AA!
These instruments represent state-of-the-art technology, and no compromises have been accepted, new technology has been implemented to meet the requirements of what routine AA users were telling us that they needed.
These are the simplest, easiest to use, fully integrated flame and furnace AAs
What can be automated, is automated, and along with the outstanding capabilities of the AA WinLab software provides total automation for all techniques and types of analyses.
A full range of fully compatible accessories means that all sample handling and processing needs can be addressed.
The AAnalyst 700 and 800 instruments represent the ultimate in performance and speed for sequential multi-element atomic absorption spectrometers.
These are clearly instruments designed and produced for the start of the next century. Perkin-Elmer has always been here for you and we intend to be so for the future.
You can have confidence that Perkin-Elmer can provide you with whole solutions to your analytical requirements, now and in the future.