1. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 1 There is existing technology that enables a more efficient conversion of sorted and unsorted waste at a very attractive business case.....

2. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 2 Presentation title / date / confidential / Issued by... It is a waste to waste waste Ecofuel- green fuel generation from biomass and other mixed wastes Issued by: ir. Diederik Jaspers MBA drs. Sven Pluut Date 6-10-2010

3. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 3 Introduction Altran International Public Limited Corporation Established in 1982 18.552 employees Partnering with 450 major clients worldwide 150 subsidiaries established in 20 main countries throughout Europe, USA and Asia 1,650 billion revenue in 2008

4. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Altran Mission 4 We bring customers ideas to life and power their performance through technology and innovation consultancy Unfueled solar flight around the world Formula 1: first class innovations

5. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Altran Sustainable Solutions Our five key areas of expertise 1.ECO – Technologies 2.ECO – Mobility 3.ECO – Energy 4.ECO – Buildings 5.ECO – Fuel Solving four problems at once, the Ecofuel offer provides insight into the possibilities of small scale decentralized conversion of waste into fuel, heat, and electricity, thereby turning a cost into an asset.

6. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 6 FUEL production in the old way: Fuel production the new way does not use ancient biomass but your sorted and unsorted waste and /or fresh biomass.

7. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 ECOFUEL is a 3 rd Generation sustainable fuel in reach for industry and communities today 1st generation: uses food crops - rapeseed, corn etc. - Low energy efficiency, even down to zero (i.e. by fertilizer use) - Large footprint, extensive use of land - Competes with food chain – side effect of rising food prices - Only in tight integration with other crops Approx. 80 eurocents/liter 2 nd generation: bio-waste derived / gasification / flare gas (Fischer-Tropsch GTL) and enzymatic conversions of biowastes - GTL: Energy efficiency losses using multiple process steps - GTL: Large scale required for economies of scale - GTL: Complex, not yet developed for the market - Enzymatic: Good potential Approx. 50 eurocents/liter 3 rd generation: Waste-to-Fuel / ECOFUEL -Highly energy efficient, also on biomass-plastic mixtures -Simple one step process, market ready -High quality middle distillate fuel – ready for local use -Solves both waste and energy issue at site -Decentralization of waste and energy saves on transportation and reduces CO 2 emissions -Already economical on a small scale (> 4 ktons/yr) Approx. 20 eurocents/liter

8. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 ProcessGeneration Calorific efficiency [%] Yield [l/ha/yr] E-diesel [MJ/kg] Yield [ton/ha/yr Rape seed- Biodiesel 1 45-541.600371,3 Ethanol 1 or 2 33-504.20027,72,2 Gasification Methanol 2 40-505.00021,12,0 Gasification FT-diesel 2 40-472.00042,51,7 3 rd Generation Diesel 3 70-909.00032-375,9 How good is it? - Benchmark of typical bio-fuel efficiencies: Source: Daimler Chrysler

9. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 What types of waste are applicable? (typical waste potential not limited to list below) - Non-recyclable waste with reasonable calorific value (>14 GJ/ton, the higher the better) Polymers -plastics -foams -oxygenated (PET) -chlorinated (PVC) Biomass -paper and cardboard -wood (chips, powder, slightly contaminated) -agricultural biomass wastes -reasonably dry manure Other/mixtures -municipal solid waste (MSW) -waste oils, natural, fossil and synthetic -oil sands, tar sands, some oil sludge / drilling fluids -rubber tyres -some organic waste chemicals, solutes Larger inert materials like bricks and large metal objects are to be removed; some small are OK (i.e. glass pieces)

10. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Developments in Waste Processing Solution optionAdvantagesDisadvantages 1. Land fillingSimple, cheapTrucking of waste Smell - healthcare Emissions Landscape Foot print limits application 2. Incineration /gasification Energy productionTrucking of waste Emissions: dioxines, heavy metals or gas cleanup Large filters Large plants - CAPEX Cost per ton 3. Waste-to-fuel, 3 rd Generation bio-fuel Highly efficient Economical Fuel can be used Emission free Decentralised approach Bio-fertiliser, metal reclaim Concentrated residu: ashes, heavy metals New

11. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Focus and Contents Waste to Fuel Case Studies 1.Waste – to – Fuel process for regional use (4-10,000 tons annually) 2.Municipal Waste with high calorical value, which neither is re-used nor recycled 3.Waste collection principle is the de-centralized model (picture on the right) 4.Focus is on the comparison of WtF processes to other alternatives such as BtL 5.Sustainability review is on the social, environmental and economic analysis Centralized modelDecentralized model

12. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 ECOFUEL 3 rd generation sustainable fuel - A highly economic one step waste-to-liquids process Waste derived fuel Biomass containing waste Secondary solid fuel

13. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 ECOFUEL: The process scheme - a single step process into fuel for local use (i.e. diesel generators) HQ Diesel fuel ( 70-80%) Syngas i.e for process ( 10%) Tar/ash/metal residue ( 0-10%) High Calorific Waste Shredder Closed reactor, approx. 400 o C Bricks and metals

14. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Polymer conversion 1- Poly-olefins, i.e. PE : Thermal cracking of straight CH-chains 2- Oxygenated i.e. PET: Thermal cracking of CHO containing chains 3- Halogenated, i.e. PVC: Thermal cracking of CHX containing chains

15. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Biopolymer conversion (biomass) 1- Polysaccharides : Mainly contains C 5 and C 6 sugars, i.e. (C 5 H 10 O 5 )n, (C 6 H 12 O 6 )n,...... (ligno-)cellulose etc. 2- Polypeptides: Contains CHNO(S,P) 2- Mean biomass: Contains C 5 H 7 O 2 N

16. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 1- Middle distillates (diesel) production : C 9 – C 27 : olefin: CH 3 – (CH 2 ) n – CH 3 2- Aviation fuel production: C 9 – C 19 : isomers CH 3 – (CH 2 ) n – CH 3 Typical product fuels

17. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 17 There is existing technology that enables a more efficient conversion of sorted and unsorted waste at a very attractive business case.....

18. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Investment Capacity 10.000 ton waste / year Fuel installation5 million Euro Generator1.5 million Euro Seperator – shredder0.3 million Euro Total Investment6.8 million Euro Operational CostsAnnual costs Labor (3 shifts)100 kEuro Maintenance100 kEuro Ash Disposalp.m.(depends on input) Depreciation + interest1.0 million Euro Total Operational Costs1.2 million Euro Annual income Liquid Fuel (3.4 m liter)1.2 million Euro Gas (1.8 MW power)1.0 million Euro Gate fee & transportation cost (0 Euro/ton) Assumed zero Subsidies + carbon creditsAssumed zero Total Annual Income2.2 million Euro Summary Investment6.8 million Euro Annual Operational Costs1.2 million Euro Annual Income2.2 million Euro Annual Margin1.0 million Euro Earn Back Period~ 7 years * Depending on oil price, waste composition etc. First order Business Case 1: Generic Mixed Waste (MSW)

19. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Investment Capacity 10.000 ton waste / year Fuel installation5 million Euro GeneratorN.A. Seperator – shredder0.3 million Euro Total Investment5.3 million Euro Operational CostsAnnual costs Labor (3 shifts)100 kEuro Maintenance100 kEuro Ash Disposalp.m.(depends on input) Depreciation + interest0.8 million Euro Total Operational Costs1.0 million Euro Annual income Liquid Fuel (9 m liter)3.1 million Euro Gas (0 MW power)0 million Euro Gate fee & transportation cost (0 Euro/ton) Assumed zero Subsidies + carbon creditsAssumed zero Total Annual Income3.1 million Euro Summary Investment5.3 million Euro Annual Operational Costs1.0 million Euro Annual Income3.1 million Euro Annual Margin2.1 million Euro Earn Back Period~ 3 years * Depending on oil price, waste composition etc. First order Business Case 2: Non-recyclable plastic waste (NPW)

20. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Multi-variable influence on business case > ROI & Calorific value of waste input Case description: Production of diesel grade fuel, synthesis gas use for space heating and electricity production, no gate-fee, 5 year lifetime, 90% uptime,

21. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Multi-variable influence on business case > Project lifetime & fuel sales price Expected technical lifecycle is expected to be 20 years, with a revamp at 10 years. 2,00 0,20 210 6

22. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 22 Conclusion: ECO-Fuel Solving four problems with one solution… CO 2 Clean Fuel Added value by Altran: Know-how concerning: Legislation Thermodynamics Subsidies Ecological impact Technical integration Economics for all parties concerned Experience with sustainable systems Network of players Electrical energy Heat

23. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Project references ECO-Fuel A Selection of some of our references: a.Rijsenhout 120 ha greenhouse development SGN (BNG, NL Govt. Bank) Bio-CHP power generation b.Obtain 100% waste recycling North Holland small industry Bio-CHP power generation c.Energy security for greenhouses Knook+Dutch utility d.Rotterdam Municipality waste collection Roteb - transportation fuel for own waste trucks e.Airplane catering waste conversion KLM Catering Services Bio-CHP for KLM-KCS at Amsterdam Int. Airport bio-CHP Clusters

24. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 Project Reference: KLM Catering Services ECOFUEL: energy recovery from company waste Context The current project, with KLM Catering Services Schiphol B.V., has covered the full scope (from feasibility until implementation) for the realization of a plant converting the waste collected from national, international and intercontinental flights into fuel (syngas and liquid diesel) and its subsequent use in a small-scale power plant. To achieve this, an assessment was done into novel waste to energy conversion systems for this specific company waste composition. The process involves converting catering waste / biomass into heat and electricity using a special petrochemical technology. Whats more, the waste no longer has to be transported elsewhere, further reducing CO2 emissions and saving on transportation costs. Results & Benefits The project is ongoing. KLM has initiated the process of separating waste on board. Steps are being taken to realise the first small plant. Waste-to-Energy will – Create green energy from (highest risk Category 1) catering waste – Reduce CO2 emission from waste transports – Reduce waste treatment costs for KLM Catering Services

25. Presentation for Kivi Niri a Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 ECO-FUEL: To sum up More efficient use of bio-waste now possible Ample biomass wastes i.e. food plantations, municipal dumps etc. etc. It is a waste to waste waste Decentralised operation Energy autonomy for cities, fun parks Your community fuelled by its own waste...? Simultaneously solve big issues and create high value energy Reduce CO2 and NOx emmissions Waste comprises a pile of opportunity

26. Presentation for Kivi Niria Jaarcongres 2010: 06-10-2010 26 Presentation title / date / confidential / Issued by... Hendrik Walaardt Sacrestraat 405 1117BM Schiphol Oost, Netherlands www.altran.com Contact: Diederik.Jaspers@altran.nl Sven.Pluut@altran.nl