1. Energy $avings Opportunities For North Carolina Businesses and Institutions

2. What can I do now to curb rising utility costs? How can I better control utility costs in the future?

3. Energy $avings Workshops AGENDA No Cost Opportunities Break Low Cost Opportunities Break Capital Cost Opportunities Wrap-up

4. Energy Supply - Cost Outlook Source: EIA

5. Energy Supply – Cost Outlook Source: EIA

6. Energy Supply - Cost Outlook Source: EIA

7. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives Find a leader Find a leader Get all persons involved within the organization to participate and cooperate Get all persons involved within the organization to participate and cooperate Identify the opportunities Identify the opportunities Identify the opportunities Identify the opportunities Implementation Implementation no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) low cost (operations & maintenance)low cost (operations & maintenance) capital projectscapital projects Measurement & Verification Measurement & Verification

8. Building Schedules Affect all categories of energy use Create longer periods of unoccupied time Create longer periods of unoccupied time Optimize the use of facilities Optimize the use of facilities You may be keeping an entire building conditioned to use one room You may be keeping an entire building conditioned to use one room

9. HVAC No Cost Opportunities Adjust your thermostat Adjust your thermostat 70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer Why? For a business 1 deg = 3% savingsWhy? For a business 1 deg = 3% savings Remove obstructions to radiators, air diffusers, air intakes Remove obstructions to radiators, air diffusers, air intakes Remove heat sources from underneath thermostats Remove heat sources from underneath thermostats During unoccupied times lower temp in winter – raise temp in summer During unoccupied times lower temp in winter – raise temp in summer Boilers Boilers Reduce hot water temperatureReduce hot water temperature Lower steam pressureLower steam pressure

10. Temperature Set-backs During unoccupied times One of the greatest energy savings potential in commercial buildings Conduct set-backs manually or … Programmable 7-day Thermostats ($50-$200, manual override, locking) Proper use of Energy Managements Systems or Building Automation System (BAS) Winter Set-back Temperature saving; Asheville Climate Example – Typical % savings 60 ° F55 ° F50 ° F 10%20%30%

11. Lighting No Cost Opportunities When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF Optimize use of day lighting Optimize use of day lighting Reduce lighting Reduce lighting Make use of dual switchingMake use of dual switching Outdoor Lighting Outdoor Lighting Decorative lighting – is it worth the price ?Decorative lighting – is it worth the price ? Vending Machines Vending Machines Have your distributor disconnect the lightsHave your distributor disconnect the lights

12. Equipment No Cost Opportunities Office equipment When finished TURN IT OFF When finished TURN IT OFF If available enable sleep mode on all equipment If available enable sleep mode on all equipment Computer power save mode Computer power save mode Energy Star power management for computers and monitorsEnergy Star power management for computers and monitorsEnergy Star power management for computers and monitorsEnergy Star power management for computers and monitorsKitchens TURN IT OFF when finished TURN IT OFF when finished Turn off unneeded sections – (i.e. broilers, griddles, etc. Turn off unneeded sections – (i.e. broilers, griddles, etc. Position equipment properly Position equipment properly Avoid excessive pre-heating Avoid excessive pre-heating Full loads only Full loads only

13. Equipment (cont.) No Cost Opportunities Refrigerators Do you need it? Consolidate? Do you need it? Consolidate? Load properly Load properly Keep the door shut Keep the door shut Check the Temperature settings Check the Temperature settings Freezers (-14 to -8 ° F), Refrig (35 - 38 ° F)Freezers (-14 to -8 ° F), Refrig (35 - 38 ° F) Position properly Position properly Clean the cooling coils Clean the cooling coils Check the door seals Check the door seals Replacing a warped refrigerator gasket can save $50 per year.

14. Equipment (cont.) No Cost Opportunities Air Compressors TURN IT OFF when not in use TURN IT OFF when not in use Lower operating pressures Lower operating pressures (2 psi reduction saves 1%) (2 psi reduction saves 1%) Consider the right application Consider the right application

15. Hot Water No Cost Opportunities Reduce hot water heater temperature to 120° F if allowable Reduce hot water heater temperature to 120° F if allowable Turn heat off at hand washing stations Turn heat off at hand washing stations Turn off recirculation pumps Turn off recirculation pumps

16. Miscellaneous No Cost Opportunities Buildings Keep doors closed Keep doors closed Keep windows closed Keep windows closed Involve security and janitorial staff in your TURN IT OFF campaign Involve security and janitorial staff in your TURN IT OFF campaignWater TURN IT OFF when not in use TURN IT OFF when not in use Do not leave hoses under pressure when not in useDo not leave hoses under pressure when not in use Water is not a broom Water is not a broom

17. Vehicle Use and Fuel Savings TURN IT OFF reduce or eliminate idle time TURN IT OFF reduce or eliminate idle time Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high speeds. Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high speeds. Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in your fleet Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in your fleet Car pool and task pool Car pool and task pool Become involved in Clean Cities programs Become involved in Clean Cities programsClean Cities Clean Cities Maintain vehicle properly Maintain vehicle properly www.fueleconomy.gov www.fueleconomy.gov www.fueleconomy.gov

18. Utility Accounting Track consumption as well as cost Track consumption as well as cost Know the vocabulary Know the vocabulary kWh = total electricity used in billing periodkWh = total electricity used in billing period kW = greatest 15 minute use in periodkW = greatest 15 minute use in period BTU = British Thermal UnitBTU = British Thermal Unit Therm = 100,000 BTUsTherm = 100,000 BTUs Dekatherm (Dt) = 1,000,000 BTUsDekatherm (Dt) = 1,000,000 BTUs CCF = Hundreds of cubic feet = 1 ThermCCF = Hundreds of cubic feet = 1 Therm MCF = Thousands of cubic feetMCF = Thousands of cubic feet

19. Fuel Cost Comparison NC Commercial Averages Electricity: $0.069/kWh Electricity: $0.069/kWh Natural gas $1.50/therm Natural gas $1.50/therm Propane $1.60 / gallon Propane $1.60 / gallon #2 Fuel Oil $1.94/gallon #2 Fuel Oil $1.94/gallon Unit Energy Comparisons Electric Strip Heat: $19/MMbtu Electric Strip Heat: $19/MMbtu Heat Pump: $6.33/MMbtu Heat Pump: $6.33/MMbtu NG Furnace: $15.00/MMbtu NG Furnace: $15.00/MMbtu Propane Furnace $20.46/MMbtu Propane Furnace $20.46/MMbtu #2 Oil Furnace: $15.85/MMbtu #2 Oil Furnace: $15.85/MMbtu

20. Utility Rate Analysis No capital investment required No capital investment required Do you understand how you are billed? Do you understand how you are billed? Many rate schedules Many rate schedules Are you on the best rate schedule? Are you on the best rate schedule? When to check? When to check? Who to work with? Who to work with? Can you change operations to provide quick savings? Can you change operations to provide quick savings? NC State Agencies are saving $650,000 annually through energy rate reviews

21. Utility Accounting Easy ways to track bills & Use Easy ways to track bills & Use Go on line to view –Go on line to view – Account information Energy Usage Energy analysis Benchmark your Energy Usage Benchmark your Energy Usage ToolsTools www.energystar.govwww.energystar.gov

22. Energy Links State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/http://www.energync.net/ http://www.p2pays.org/ http://www.p2pays.org/DPPEA http://www.p2pays.org/ http://www.p2pays.org/ Progress Energy http://www.progress-energy.com/custservice/index.asp Duke Energyhttp://www.duke-energy.com/businesses/managing/http://www.duke-energy.com/businesses/managing/ Dominion North Carolina Power http://www.dom.com/about/companies/ncpower/index.jsp http://www.dom.com/about/companies/ncpower/index.jsp ElectriCitieshttp://www.electricities.com/index.htmhttp://www.electricities.com/index.htm Co-opshttp://www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htmhttp://www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htm PSNC http://www.scana.com/PSNC+Energy/Conservation/default.htm Piedmont NGhttp://www.piedmontng.com/http://www.piedmontng.com/

23. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives Find a leader Find a leader Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate Identify the opportunities Identify the opportunities Implementation Implementation no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) low cost (operations & maintenance)low cost (operations & maintenance) Capital projectsCapital projects Measurement & Verification Measurement & Verification

24. Life Cycle Costing The cheapest initial cost may be the most expensive choice The cheapest initial cost may be the most expensive choice To calculate: To calculate: purchase price + lifetime maintenance cost + lifetime maintenance cost + lifetime operating cost (including energy) = total cost lifetime operating cost (including energy) = total cost Compare total cost of all products being considered. Compare total cost of all products being considered.

25. HVAC Low Cost Opportunities Programmable 7-day thermostatsProgrammable 7-day thermostats Special units for Heat PumpsSpecial units for Heat Pumps Remember 1 degree = 3% savingsRemember 1 degree = 3% savings Thermostat locationThermostat location Replace air filters regularly Replace air filters regularly Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps, air conditioners and chillers Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps, air conditioners and chillers Inspect ducts for leaks and missing insulation Inspect ducts for leaks and missing insulation Balance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots in buildingBalance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots in building

26. HVAC (cont) Low Cost Opportunities HVAC controls tune-up HVAC controls tune-up Boiler tune-up Boiler tune-up Survey steam traps for proper function Survey steam traps for proper function Repair traps as neededRepair traps as needed Radiator thermostat controls Radiator thermostat controls Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps Up to 5% savings for keeping steam system maintained Up to 5% savings for keeping steam system maintained

27. Lighting Low Cost Opportunities Lighting Power Density Building foot watts Categories candles per sf Offices 30 - 50 1 Offices 30 - 50 1 Classroom 50 1.4 Classroom 50 1.4 Bank Lobbies 15 1.8 Bank Lobbies 15 1.8 Garage Repair Area 75 1.4 Garage Repair Area 75 1.4 Bathroom, Stairwells 15 0.9 Bathroom, Stairwells 15 0.9 Library Study Area 50 1.7 Library Study Area 50 1.7

28. Lighting Low Cost Opportunities Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically De-lamp De-lamp Lower room light levels and use task lighting CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) Lower room light levels and use task lighting CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) Occupancy sensors Occupancy sensors Replace EXIT signs with LEDs Replace EXIT signs with LEDs Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps T8 lamps offer better performance, more selection, less heat, & elimination of humT8 lamps offer better performance, more selection, less heat, & elimination of hum Replace incandescent lamps with CFL Replace incandescent lamps with CFL

29. Self-ballasted CFLs T3&T4 Triple&Quad T3&T4 Spiral Medium & Candelabra Base Candles T4-Aline T3-Aline Self Ballasted Compact Fluorescents- not to scale Globe R40 OutdoorPost -top R30

30. Incandescent vs. CFL Cost Comparison IncandescentCFL Watts10027 Rated Life 750 hours 10,000 hours No. Bulb per 10K hours 131 kWh over 10K hours 1,000270 Cost per kWh $0.08$0.08 Operating Cost over 10K hours $80.00$21.60 Cost per Bulb $0.50$1.50 Bulb Cost over 10K hours $6.50$1.50 Life Cycle Cost $86.50$23.10 Net Savings over 10,000 hours: $63.40

31. Equipment Low Cost Opportunities Office equipment Specify Energy Star equipment for new purchasesSpecify Energy Star equipment for new purchasesEnergy Star Energy Star Flat panel computer monitorsFlat panel computer monitors Energy saving sensors on vending machines Energy saving sensors on vending machines Vendor Requirement in new contractsVendor Requirement in new contracts Using Energy Star office equipment saves about $50 per employee per year.

32. Equipment (cont) Low Cost Opportunities Kitchens Replace warped refrigerator seals Replace warped refrigerator seals Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm) Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm) Hours of Spray Valve Usage Water Savings gallons/day Waste Water Savings gallons/day Gas Savings therms/ day Annual Dollar Savings 2 hours/day 100 gallons 0.7 therms $400 - $500 4 hours/day 200 gallons 1.3 therms $800 - $1,000 6 hours/day 300 gallons 2.0 therms 2.0 therms $1,200 - $1,500

33. Equipment (cont) Low Cost Opportunities Air compressors Fix the leaks (a 1/16 leak wastes $667/year) Fix the leaks (a 1/16 leak wastes $667/year) Use the right nozzles Use the right nozzles Adequate ventilation in compressor room Adequate ventilation in compressor room Use outside make-up air (save 5-7%)Use outside make-up air (save 5-7%)

34. Hot Water Low Cost Opportunities Place timer on electric hot water heater Place timer on electric hot water heater When it fails, replace gas, tank style hot water heater with on demand hot water heater When it fails, replace gas, tank style hot water heater with on demand hot water heater Install pipe insulation Install pipe insulation

35. Miscellaneous Low Cost Opportunities Buildings Insulation Opportunities Insulation Opportunities Walls Ceilings FloorsWalls Ceilings Floors Weather Stripping Weather Stripping Doors WindowsDoors Windows Gaskets for electrical wall plates on outside walls Gaskets for electrical wall plates on outside walls

36. Miscellaneous (cont) Low Cost Opportunities Water Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute, gpm) Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute, gpm) Sink aerators (0.5 gpm) Sink aerators (0.5 gpm) Repair leaks Repair leaks

37. Dont pay sewer charges on water you dont discharge Water/sewer bills typically based on water use Water/sewer bills typically based on water use Some water/sewer authorities will reimburse you for water not discharged Some water/sewer authorities will reimburse you for water not discharged If you have cooling towers, irrigation systems, or use significant water in your products, ask your water authority if option is available If you have cooling towers, irrigation systems, or use significant water in your products, ask your water authority if option is available Typically requires a sub- meter. Typically requires a sub- meter.

38. Miscellaneous (cont) Low Cost Opportunities Vehicles Purchase most economical vehicle for task Purchase most economical vehicle for task If available purchase flex fuel vehicles If available purchase flex fuel vehicles Look at hybrids Look at hybrids

39. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives Find a leader Find a leader Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate Identify the opportunities Identify the opportunities Implementation Implementation no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) low cost (operations & maintenance)low cost (operations & maintenance) Capital projectsCapital projects Measurement & Verification Measurement & Verification Financing Options for capital projects Financing Options for capital projects

40. Capital Projects Audits Available from a variety of sources Available from a variety of sources Audit should be conducted based on energy use Audit should be conducted based on energy use Financial opportunities Financial opportunities Performance contractingPerformance contracting SEO loan programSEO loan program DSIRE Web siteDSIRE Web site Federal and state tax incentivesFederal and state tax incentives

41. Capital Projects (cont) HVAC Right size all equipment Right size all equipment Ground source heat pumps Ground source heat pumps Variable speed drives Variable speed drives Fuel use flexibility Fuel use flexibility Alternate fuel boilers Alternate fuel boilers Install building automation system Install building automation system Boiler economizer Boiler economizer Thermal storage Thermal storage

42. Capital Projects (cont) Lighting Complete building re-lamp Complete building re-lamp Put lighting on building automation system Put lighting on building automation system Side benefit – reduces HVAC load Side benefit – reduces HVAC load LED traffic signals LED traffic signalsEquipment Motors Motors Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major equipment purchases Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major equipment purchases Waste heat recovery Waste heat recovery

43. Capital Projects (cont) Hot water Solar hot water system Solar hot water system Waste heat recovery Waste heat recoveryBuildings Insulate un-insulated areas Insulate un-insulated areas Reflective light-colored roof Reflective light-colored roof Building automation system Building automation system

44. Capital Projects (cont) Water Cooling towers Cooling towers Irrigation Irrigation Rain water catchments Rain water catchmentsMiscellaneous Peak shaving generators Peak shaving generators Co-generation Co-generation Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Wind Wind

45. A Quick Energy Quiz 1.Its better to turn off my lights every time I leave my office than to just turn them off at the end of the day. True/ False 2.It takes more energy to set my thermostat lower at night in the winter than it does to keep it at the same temperature all day and night True/ False 3.It takes more energy to power down my monitor during the day using available software, than to leave it on all day. True/ False 4.Fluorescent lights consume (circle one) 1/10 1/4 1/2 the energy of a regular incandescent light bulb, and last (circle one) 2 times 10 times 15 times as long. 5.A space heater costs (circle one) $20 $50 $100 a year for electricity.

46. Possibilities We are all faced with magnificent opportunities, brilliantly disguised as impossible situations. We are all faced with magnificent opportunities, brilliantly disguised as impossible situations. Charles Swindoll

47. Resource Providers… State Energy Office State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/ Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance http://www.p2pays.org/ Waste Reduction Partners Waste Reduction Partners http://www.landofsky.org/wrp/ NCSU Industrial Extension Service NCSU Industrial Extension Service http://www.ies.ncsu.edu/ NCSU Industrial Assessment Center NCSU Industrial Assessment Center http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/Centers/IAC/ Advanced Energy Advanced Energy http://www.advancedenergy.org/

48. Resource Providers… NC Solar Center NC Solar Center http://www.ncsc.ncsu.edu/default.cfm Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy http://www.dsireusa.org/ Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy http://www.dsireusa.org/ http://www.dsireusa.org/ Energy Star Home Page http://www.energystar.gov/ Energy Star Home Page http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.energystar.gov/ Energy Star Training Page Energy Star Training Page http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_inter net_presentations http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_inter net_presentations Energy Star Computer Power Management Energy Star Computer Power Management http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_po wer_management http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_po wer_management The Food Service Technology Center The Food Service Technology Center www.fishnick.com US Department Of Energy (for vehicles) US Department Of Energy (for vehicles) www.fueleconomy.gov

49. Resource Providers… DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy home page http://www.eere.energy.gov/ DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy home page http://www.eere.energy.gov/ http://www.eere.energy.gov/ DOE Comcheck Software download DOE Comcheck Software download http://www.energycodes.gov/comcheck/ DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download) DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download) http://eereweb.ee.doe.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html Institute of Textile Technology (Service Listings) Institute of Textile Technology (Service Listings) http://www.itt.edu/Services/ServiceSheets.cfm Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to energy Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to energy http://www.wapa.gov/es/pubs/esb/2005/june/jun058.htm

50. Where do you use the most energy? Source: Handbook of Energy Engineering, EIA, and NREL