1. Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy Design Guide: Small Office Buildings Bing Liu, P.E. Research Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Tel: (509) 375-3710 Bing.liu@pnl.gov

2. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 2 Energy Use Simulation Approach Scoping Study: Baseline building – Standard 90.1-1999 Advanced building – Off-the-Shelf technology Two Models: 5,000 sf and 20,000 sf office buildings Use eQuest to test run in four climate locations: Miami, Phoenix, Seattle and Duluth Full Study: 15 representative locations in 8 DOE Climate Zones Use DOE-2.2 directly to make 60 parametric runs for full study

3. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 3 5,000 ft² Office Prototype Square floor plan Single story Frame construction 20% window-to-wall ratio Single tenant

4. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 4 20,000 ft² Office Prototype Square floor plan 2-story Masonry construction 30% window- to-wall ratio 3 tenants

5. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 5 What is in the Baseline Building? Comply with Standard 90.1-1999 Insulation requirements for roofs, walls, floors and slabs U-Value and SHGC for window glazing U-Value for doors Interior lighting power density Mechanical equipment efficiency Economizer requirement And more…

6. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 6 What is in the Baseline Building? When not specified by 90.1-1999… Room Thermostat: Setpoint:75°F cooling & 70°F heating Setback/Setup:80°F cooling & 65°F heating Office Equipment Plug Load Schedules Energy Policy Act Standard analysis Recent research study and peer review comments Fan Static Pressure

7. Plug Load Schedule - Weekday 20,000 sf Office Building

9. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 9 What is in the Advanced Building? Envelope Cool roofs Better insulations High performance windows and doors Overhangs for windows except facing north Interior Lighting Reduced installed lighting power density Daylighting harvest for WWR 25% or higher Daylighting dimming control on south and north perimeter zones Occupancy Sensor

10. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 10 What is in the Advanced Building? Mechanical System Higher efficiency unitary equipment in some climate zones Motorized outside air damper control Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) Lower duct friction rate: 0.08 in/100 ft vs. 0.10 in/100 ft of standard practice Service Water Heater Higher thermal efficiency for gas-fired storage water heater or Gas-fired instantaneous water heater

11. Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base Building (Without Plug Load)

12. Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base Building (Including Plug Load)

13. Energy Use Index 5,000 sf Office Building

14. Energy Use Index 20,000 sf Office Building

15. Comparison of Energy Savings 5,000 sf Office Building 35.6% 36.4% 49.1% Average Savings of All the Climate Zones = 38%

16. Comparison of Energy Savings 20,000 sf Office Building 35% 38% 43% Average Savings of All the Climate Zones = 38%

17. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 17 Advanced Simulation Challenges Real windows vs. DOE-2 window library Window Shading Coefficient Method Window Library Method Window Layers Method

18. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 18 Advanced Simulation Challenges Occupancy sensor DOE-2 doesnt have occupancy sensor module Modify the lighting schedule to estimate the potential energy savings from the occupancy sensors

20. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 20 Advanced Simulation Challenges Demand ventilation control No CO2 sensor module in DOE-2 Modify the outside air change rate to reflect the average reduction of the outside intake using CO2 sensor – 20%

21. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 21 Advanced Simulation Challenges Motorized outside air damper control Potentially saving cooling and heating energy during nights by closing the OA damper when fans cycle on to maintain space setback temperature Hourly-based simulation may over- estimate the energy savings from the motorized outside air damper in the cold climates

22. February 7, 2005ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, Fla. 22 Questions? Bing Liu, P.E. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Tel: (509) 375-3710 Bing.liu@pnl.gov