1. World History Bellwork
What impact might the American Revolution have on European monarchs? What effects might it have on other Europeans, such as nobles or the working class?

2. The French Revolution
Chapter 6

4. Causes of the French Revolution
Enlightenment philosophes
American Revolution
Weak leadership

5. The French “Ancien Régime”
Society divided into three estates
First: Church 1 % of population
Second: Nobility 2% of population
Third: All others 97% of population
Bourgeoisie: middle class (ex. merchants, artisans, doctors, lawyers)
Lower class: urban poor, peasant farmers
*The 3rd Estate ranges from poor to well to citizens. This is not about Rich vs. Poor

6. The Estates General

10. Causes of the French Revolution
SIDE NOTE
High unemployment and crop failures don’t help the situation!
Economic issues
Deficit Spending
National debt (wars)
Tax exemptions (First & Second Estates)
Result: Louis XVI convenes Estates-General (first time in 175 years)

11. Food! France has grown to 26 million
No government plan for back up food storage
Agriculture ¾ of the French Economy, but is backwards! (feudalistic)
Importation of cheaper textiles puts French spinners and weavers out of work
Paris unemployment high!
July 1788 hailstorm wipes out wheat harvests in France
Winter of worst winter on record!
People spend most of their income on bread and wait in bread lines

12. Jacques Necker French Financial Minister (Switzerland)
tax the first two estates????? (unpopular)
Raising interest rates instead of taxes (slows growth- puts construction workers out of work)
No more grain exports/imports more food
Bread prices rise
Marie Antoinette despises him
Necker forced to resign in May People of Paris Protest!!!!

13. The Meeting of the Estates-General May 1789
What is the Third Estate? Everything.
What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing.
What does it want to be? Something.
~Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes
Estates create cahiers (lists of grievances)
Louis XVI wants tax hike
Third Estate wants to meet together, not separately; king and nobles reject the idea
RESULTS:
Third Estate forms National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath: pledge to create a constitution

16. Phase 1: Government Reforms
August 27, 1789: National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Liberty, Property, Security
Freedoms of speech, religion, & press
Equality under the law

20. November 1791 Church Nationalization
Church tax exemption and privileges ended
Government seizes Church lands (6%)
Priests forced to accept Constitution or leave
Government sells Church possessions for money
By November 1793 Churches were closed

22. Louis XVI and Family
-Kept imprisoned at Tuileries Palace for the next 3 years
Marie Antoinette has spies getting letters to her brother who is King of Prussia

23. June 20, 1791 Escape!

24. Constitution of 1791 The Oath is kept!
D.R.M.C. became the Preamble to this new Constitution
Constitution of 1791 creates constitutional monarchy
Creates Three branches with separate powers
National Assembly part of Constitution that holds elections
Real Power: Legislative Assembly

25. Phase 1: International Reaction
Émigrés report attacks
Condemnation from European monarchs
Catherine the Great burns Voltaire’s letters
Declaration of Pilnitz issued by Frederick the Great and Leopold II of Austria
Result: Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria, then most every other European nation

26. Additional Items for the Timeline
Your timeline should also show the various governments in France during these events of the French Revolution.
Absolute Monarch Louis XVI (May, 1774 – June, 1789)
One event
National Assembly (June, 1789 – September, 1791)
Nine events
Legislative Assembly (October, 1791 – August, 1792)
National Convention (September, 1792 – August, 1795)
Five events
Directory (August, 1795 – August, 1799)
Consulate (August 1799 – December, 1804)
Emperor Napoleon (December, 1804 to June, 1815)

30. Additional Items for the Timeline
Your timeline should also show the various governments in France during these events of the French Revolution.
Absolute Monarch Louis XVI (May, 1774 – June, 1789)
One event
National Assembly (June, 1789 – September, 1791)
Nine events
Legislative Assembly (October, 1791 – August, 1792)
National Convention (September, 1792 – August, 1795)
Five events
Directory (August, 1795 – August, 1799)
Consulate (August 1799 – December, 1804)
Emperor Napoleon (December, 1804 to June, 1815)

31. Dates to Remember Friday, December 6: Timeline is due
Tuesday, December 10: Word Search is due; last day to submit late work
Thursday, December 12: Enlightenments & Revolutions Exam (Chapters 5-6)
Wednesday, December 18: Final Exam