1. Invictus How to Write a Book Review Matt Damon actor/player & Francois Pienaar the player

2. Citation Carlin, John. Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation. New York: Penguin Books, 2009. Print. Youtube Rugby World Cup 1995 New Zealand v. South Africa. 2:41 total- 3.30 for flyover 24.45 for Maori HakaRugby

3. Subject: Background Information South Africa instituted the policy of Apartheid in 1948 [uh-pahrt-heyt] or [uh-pahr-hahyt] Apartheid legally separated the white and black populations from each other

4. Bantustats - 90% of population was ‘given’ 13% of the land. Then made marginally ‘independent’, giving white S. Africa the ability to take away blacks citizenship & issue blacks ‘Bantu’ passports so they couldn’t go into S. Africa unless given government ‘visas’ & then only to work. Bring someone with you without the permit – you’re both in jail, possibly forever, possibly tortured & killed. Black populations were divided supposedly by tribal backgrounds or birth location. Examples: Xhosas ((Mandela), Zulus, Sothos but although 10 were initially allocated, only four were declared independent –all between 1976-81.

5. Subject: Background Information 2 White population also divided: Afrikaners, descendants of Dutch settlers (Boers); and English who comprised only 35% of the whites The white population dominated the government and the economy though it comprised a minority of the total population 10% ANC (African National Congress) and its leader, Nelson Mandela, fought to rid South Africa of apartheid

6. Subject: Background Information 3 Mandela was arrested in 1961 and did not regain his freedom until February 11, 1990 He became president in May,1994 He worked with all the factions in South Africa to avoid a civil war

7. support Visual Plan format NO CONCLUSION Note: contention also can be ‘assertion’ Book citation MLA format

8. Thesis This must be an opinion statement, not a fact statement. It is what you think the author’s opinion was about his/her subject. Your turn: work with a partner to come up with a viable Thesis statement.

9. Thesis President Nelson Mandela used the Springboks and the matches for the Rugby World Cup of 1995 to unite South Africans who were on the verge of civil war because of the long term effects of apartheid.

10. Contentions

11. Contention #1 President Mandela possessed political genius. He was a master of “the art of making friends and influencing people” (Carlin 6).

12. Contention #2 President Mandela won over the Afrikaners

13. Contention #3 President Mandela won over the black South Africans who were themselves divided ethnically and politically

14. CONTENTION #1: President Mandela possessed political genius. He was a master of “the art of making friends and influencing people.” (6) Mandela used clothing to great effect: he wore fancy suits, imitated Che Guevara, wore the clothing of a Xhosa chief for his trial (26); wore the Springbok jersey and cap to the Rugby World Cup Final (205) He studied the character of his Afrikaner jailers as well as their language (Afrikaans) and their history. He used this knowledge in order to negotiate with his enemy Mandela managed to cool tempers after the assassination of Chris Hani, a heroic figure to the ANC (119)

15. Contention 1 – Analysis

16. Mandela’s personal magnetism and ability to say and do the right thing under all circumstances enabled him to attain his political objectives

17. Contention #2: President Mandela won over the Afrikaners Evidence Some of the Afrikaners persuaded by Mandela: Niel Barnard, head of the National Intelligence Service (NIS); Kobie Coetsee, Minister of Justice; President P.W. Botha known as the “big crocodile”; General Constand Viljoen who was head of the South African military and later of the Volksfront; Morne du Plessis, the Springbok team manager and Francois Pienaar, team captain [Give an anecdote for each one]

18. Contention #3: President Mandela won over the black South Africans who were themselves divided ethnically and politically Mandela’s ANC was opposed by the PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) a much more radical group whose slogan was “throw the whites into the sea” (39) Black South Africans hated rugby because they saw it as one of the symbols of Afrikaner oppression Mandela convinced the blacks to support the rugby team. He made the team conscious of their important mission by visiting the team. They in turn learned the black anthem: Nkosi Sikelele iAfrika, visited Robben Island, and coached black children in the townships. The rugby union used another popular song with blacks, “Shosholoza”, as their official song (216).Even Justice Bekebeke capitulated (225).