1. Encomienda System An encomienda (land grant to conquistadors) gave a Spanish settler the right to demand taxes or labor from the people living on the land. In theory the Natives’ rights were to be protected but it turned into forced labor for the Natives of the land. Forced labor was on farms or in mines. Thousands of Natives died due to poor conditions, disease, and brutal treatment. As the system declined African slaves were brought to Latin America.

2. Global II Chapter 16, Section 2 Absolutism – The French Monarchy READ Pgs. 378 – 382

3. Objectives 5.7Explain how the wars of Religion affected France 5.8Describe how the French Rulers became absolute monarchs. 5.9Describe the policies Louis XIV and Colbert followed

4. Lesson Launch Please discuss the following with the person next to you: What is this picture trying to demonstrate about French rulers?

5. 1. Wars of Religion – France Huguenots vs. Catholics Weakens royal power Edict of Nantes: religious freedom to Huguenots {Henry IV} 1562 – 1589 ( French Protestants )

6. 2. Steps to restoring King’s Power Henry IV collects taxes, build army Repair infrastructure – build industry Louis XIII – failure of Estates General to “seize the day” Richelieu destroys nobles castles Mercantilist policies colonies – export – taxes - tariffs (Will not meet again for 175 years)

7. 3. Louis XIV “Sun King” Absolutism and Absolute Monarchy “I am the State” Divine Rights: Power to rule is given from god… Similar idea seen in China: “Mandate of Heaven” Japan: Emperor descendent of Gods

8. Document in Brief The Divine Right of Kings: Analyzing a Primary Source Jacques Bossuet (1627 – 1704) was a churchman and tutor of Louis XIV’s son. Read the following excerpt from Bossuet’s explanation of absolutism. Then answer the questions that follow. Figure 1 Jacques Bossuet It appears that the person of the king is sacred, and to attack him in any way is sacrilege [against the church]. The royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. Kings should be guarded as holy things, and whosoever neglects to protect them is worthy of death. The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is absolute power. Without this absolute authority the king could neither do good nor repress evil. Although their power comes from on high, such sovereigns should not regard themselves as masters of that power to use it at their pleasure. They must employ it with fear and self- restraint, as a thing coming from God and of which God will demand an account. Please answer the following questions: 1.According to the author, what is the position of the king within society? _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.What, in Bossuet’s view is absolutism? __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Why is absolutism necessary, according to the author? _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.How does the author say the monarch should use his absolute power? Why? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Review the concept of absolutism in your text. How do you think the author was influenced by what he saw of Louis XIV and his court? _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 2 Louis XIV

9. Examples of Absolutism Palace of Versailles – 27 years to build… ½ of France’s taxes used to support Palace. Cancels the Edict of Nantes France is Catholic Only!! Appoints Intendants: Gov’t officials loyal to Louis XIV – provincial governors Collect taxes Recruit Soldiers Carry out Laws 3. Louis XIV

10. John Baptiste Colbert Controlled the French Economy for Louis XIV Mercantilist Tax Reform Ends Corruption Raises Taxes Please ask the person next to you: What is Absolutism? Who was Louis XIV?

11. 3. Louis XIV Wars of Louis XIV Creates huge Debt for France and future Kings A problem that will cause the downfall of the French Monarchy! A livre is equal to approximately $10.50 in 1992 US Dollars

13. Quick Discussion! Discuss the following question with the person next to you What does the caption at the bottom of the picture mean? “But what happens when the Sun sets?”

14. How does France Establish a Strong National Monarchy? Henry IVLouis XIIILouis XIV - Richelieu-Cardinal Mazarin (early) - John Baptiste Colbert (late) Religious Wars Henry IVEdict of Nantes Builds Army Louis XIII: Estates General Misses opportunity Richelieu – Destroys nobles castles Mercantilism

15. How do the Wars of Religion affect France? How do the French rulers become Absolute Monarchs? What policies do Colbert and Louis XIV follow?

16. Homework Louis XIV 30 Years War