2. Basic Structure of a Eukaryotic Cell

3. Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles There are 2 main types of eukaryotic cells: Plant cells Animal cells

4. 3 Cell Organelles “little organs” in cells Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

5. Examples of cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – assembles cell membrane and modifies proteins Golgi Bodies – wrap and export proteins Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes Ribosomes – makes proteins

6. 5 Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes and contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, such as the synthesis of lipid Rough ER: Has ribosomes on its surface and makes proteins copyright cmassengale

7. Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs Stacks of flattened sacs Receive and modify proteins made by the ER Receive and modify proteins made by the ER Attach carbohydrate and lipids to proteins Attach carbohydrate and lipids to proteins Modified proteins are then sent to the transport vesicles Modified proteins are then sent to the transport vesicles Transport vesicle

8. Nucleus Controls most cell processes and contains genetic material (DNA) Controls most cell processes and contains genetic material (DNA) All eukaryotic cells contain nucleus All eukaryotic cells contain nucleus The granular material visible within the nucleus is called chromatin (DNA bound to protein) The granular material visible within the nucleus is called chromatin (DNA bound to protein)

9. Chromatin and Chromosomes Most of the time, chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus Most of the time, chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus When a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes (Threadlike structure containing the genetic information) When a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes (Threadlike structure containing the genetic information)

10. Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleus Inside nucleus Disappears when cell divides Disappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteins Makes ribosomes that make proteins

11. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Contain digestive enzymes release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts Mitochondria Enclosed by 2 membranes Enclosed by 2 membranes Use energy from food to make ATP (a high energy compound that the cell can use to power growth, development and movement) Use energy from food to make ATP (a high energy compound that the cell can use to power growth, development and movement)

12. Chloroplasts Are found in plants Are found in plants Enclosed by 2 membranes Enclosed by 2 membranes Use the energy from the sunlight to make ATP Use the energy from the sunlight to make ATP Vacuole A sac like structure that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates A sac like structure that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

13. Cytoskeleton A net work of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape A net work of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape Cytoskeleton is made up of: Cytoskeleton is made up of: 1.Microtubules: Hollow tubes of proteins that maintain cell shape, help build cilia and flagella 2. Microfilaments: Long, thin fibers that support the cell and help cell move