1. Bell Ringer Bring it all Together!!!
Following this list of things we have already learned, can you guess what our topic is going to be today? (Hint: It’s somewhere on the following list)
Humans (Population and Effects on Earth)
Cycles of Nature (nitrogen –amino acids; phosphorus – DNA)
Microscopes
Living vs. Nonliving
Levels of Organization (molecules -> cells -> organisms -> Population -> community -> ecosystem -> biomes)

2. Exploring the Cell

3. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from existing cells.

5. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Do not have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus (ex: Bacteria)
Have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
What do animal and plant cells have in common? What do they have that are different? (Venn Diagram Later!)

6. Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Are these eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Each have organelles-“little organs”
What do animal and plant cells have in common? What do they have that are different? (Venn Diagram Later!)
Animal Cell

7. Cell Membrane
A thin flexible barrier surrounding all cells.

8. Cytoplasm
The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus.

9. Nucleus
The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of two membranes, with pores that allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus.
The granular material inside is chromatin which consists of DNA bound to protein.
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, which are threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Also, there is the nucleolus, which is a dense region where the assembly of ribosome begins.

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.
Rough ER: involved in the synthesis of proteins. Newly made proteins leave the attached ribosome and are inserted into the rough ER
Smooth ER: contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids, and the detoxification of drugs.

11. Golgi Apparatus
Function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.

12. Ribosomes
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins

13. Mitochondria
Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
You get mitochondria from your mom.

14. Chloroplasts (Only in Plant Cells and some other organisms)
Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

15. Vacuole (Only in Plant Cells and some other organisms)
Store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
The pressure of the central vacuole in plant cells makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.

16. Cell Wall (Only in Plant Cells and some other organisms)
The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cells.
Found in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes.

17. Lysosomes (Only in animal cells)
One function is the digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Also involved in breaking down organelles that have died.

18. Centrioles(Only in animal cells)
Located near the nucleus
Help to organize cell division
Cytoskeleton : network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and also is involved in movement