1. Monday 3/7/16 Learning Target: You will know what ecology is defined as and the levels of organization in ecology. Learning Outcome: Complete the Ecology Definition Sheet.

2. What is Ecology? (In your own words)

3. Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of the interaction between organisms and between organisms and their environment. Ecology is the scientific study of the interaction between organisms and between organisms and their environment. Coined by Ernst Haeckel Coined by Ernst Haeckel Ranges from single cell to entire planet. Ranges from single cell to entire planet.

4. 1. List some living and non-living factors in the pond water. 2. How are living and non-living factors related/what is their relationship? 3. What organisms are in the greatest number? 4. What organisms are in the smallest number? Pond Water

5. Interactions and Interdependence Organisms rely on other organisms to live. Organisms rely on other organisms to live.

6. How do Scientists Study Ecology? 1. Observations – sketches and notes 2. Experimenting – setting up artificial environments and test hypotheses. (Pill bug Lab) 3. Modeling – Making scaled replica of objects too large or too small.

7. Levels of Organization 1. Biosphere – Where life occurs 1. Biosphere – Where life occurs 2. Biome – A group of ecosystems that have the same climate. 2. Biome – A group of ecosystems that have the same climate. 3. Ecosystem – A group of all living and nonliving things in an area. 3. Ecosystem – A group of all living and nonliving things in an area. 4. Community – A group of living organisms in an area. 4. Community – A group of living organisms in an area. 5. Population – A group of the same species in an area 5. Population – A group of the same species in an area 6. Individual – A single organism. 6. Individual – A single organism.

9. Major Land Biomes

10. Define the following from Chapter 3 and 4 in your textbook: CHAPTER 3 1. Biosphere 2. Autotroph 3. Producers 4. Photosynthesis 5. Chemosynthesis 6. Heterotrophs 7. Consumers 8. Herbivores 9. Carnivores 10. Detritivores 11. Decomposers 12. Food chain 13 Food web 14. Trophic levels 15. Energy pyramid 16. Biomass pyramid 17. Pyramid of numbers CHAPTER 4 1.Biotic factor 2.Abiotic factor 3.Niche 4.Competitive exclusion principle 5.Symbiosis 6.Mutualism 7.Commensalism 8.Parasitism 9.Succession

11. Tuesday 3/8/16 Learning Target: Know the difference organisms found in an ecosystem and be able to construct a food web. Learning Outcome: Complete the Food Web Puzzle Please get out your definitions.

12. Could a biome near Brazil be the same as a biome in northern Canada?

13. Can a group of rabbits and a group of field mice make up the same population?

14. What non-living things do organisms interact with in their environment?

15. The one thing that is passed from organism to organism in an ecosystem is ENERGY. The one thing that is passed from organism to organism in an ecosystem is ENERGY. Energy flows from one thing to the next just like a Rube-Goldberg machine. Energy flows from one thing to the next just like a Rube-Goldberg machine. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybU FnY7Y8w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybU FnY7Y8w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybU FnY7Y8w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybU FnY7Y8w What’s the ultimate source of energy for the Earth? What’s the ultimate source of energy for the Earth?

16. Notes: 3-2 Energy Flow Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Autotrophs – capture energy from sunlight and use that energy to produce food. Also called producers. Autotrophs – capture energy from sunlight and use that energy to produce food. Also called producers.

17. Heterotrophs – rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. Also called consumers. Heterotrophs – rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. Also called consumers. Herbivores – eat plants Herbivores – eat plants Carnivores – eat animals Carnivores – eat animals Omnivores – eat both Omnivores – eat both Detritivores – eat dead matter (mites, worms, snails, crabs) Detritivores – eat dead matter (mites, worms, snails, crabs) Decomposer – Breaks down organic matter (fungi, bacteria) Decomposer – Breaks down organic matter (fungi, bacteria)

18. Food Chains Food Chains – a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. Food Chains – a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. Example: plankton –dragonfly-salamander- snake Example: plankton –dragonfly-salamander- snake

19. C. Feeding Relationships 1. Food chain: a. chains are found in harsh climates like the desert and tundra. b. Desert or tundra areas are than those found in more moderate climatic influences e.g. than those found in more moderate climatic influences e.g. follow the progression of energy flow from one organism to another or “who eats whom.” shorter food less stable and more easily destroyed tropical rain forests.

20. Trophic Level Each step in a food chain/web is called a trophic level. Autotroph → Herbivore →→ ?? →→ ??

21. Food Web Food Web – links all the food chains in an ecosystem together. Food Web – links all the food chains in an ecosystem together.

22. Monday 3/14/16 Learning Target: Know the 3 different types of Ecological Pyramids. Learning Outcome: Construct an Energy Pyramid for your food web.

23. What type of energy is passed from trophic level to trophic level? Chemical Energy = Food Energy. Chemical Energy = Food Energy.

24. Pyramids – 3 types 1. Energy Pyramid – transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next. Measured in kcals. **10% rule** - only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. **10% rule** - only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. Why? Why? It is lost in respiration, movement and reproduction. It is lost in respiration, movement and reproduction.

25. Ecological Pyramids

26. Suppose that the base of an energy pyramid consists of plants that contain 450,000 calories of food energy. If the plants were eaten by mice and insects, how much chemical (food) energy would be available to those first-level consumers? How about the second-level consumers that at the mice and insects? How about the third-level consumer?

27. Energy Pyramids Cont’d 100 Kcals 100 Kcals 1,000 Kcals 1,000 Kcals 10,000 Kcals 10,000 Kcals

28. First-level consumer would have 45,000 calories available Second-level consumer would have 4500 calories available. Third-level consumer would have 450 calories available.

29. Types of Pyramids 2. Biomass Pyramid – transfer of biomass from one trophic level to the next. 2. Biomass Pyramid – transfer of biomass from one trophic level to the next.

30. Types of Pyramids 3. Pyramid of Numbers – the total number of individuals at each trophic level. (may not look like a pyramid)

31. Tuesday 3/10/15 Learning Target: Know the 3 different types of Ecological Pyramids. Learning Outcome: Construct an Energy Pyramid for your food web.

32. Ecosystems An ecosystem consists of a given area’s (______________) and (______________). abiotic factors biotic factors physical features living organisms

33. 1.Name 10 biotic factors you see in the picture. 2.Name as many abiotic factors you see in the picture.

34. Abiotic factors nonliving physical parts of an ecosystem such as _______________ type, rocks, temperature, _______________, and rainfall. _______________, and rainfall. water, sunlight, soil humidity, elevation Wind: Can affect the pattern of a plant’s growth

35. Biotic Factors living aspects of an ecosystem such as_____________ _______________, worms, amoebas, and waterlilies. fishes, frogs, insects, snails,

36. Niches, All the biotic and abiotic factors combine to shape the way an organism lives. The way is eats, sleeps, reproduces, finds shelter, interacts with others, where it lives, etc.

37. Habitats Ecosystems contain Habitats, the location or surrounding where the organism lives

38. Community organisms living together in an ecosystem

39. Producers Photosynthesis is responsible for adding oxygen to—and removing carbon dioxide from—Earth's atmosphere.