1. Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2 http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg

2. REMEMBER CELL BIO

3. ________  __________  ___________  ATOMS MOLECULESORGANELLES IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7

4. ____________  CELLSTISSUES IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide Similar cells working together

5. ___________  __________  ___________ ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide Different tissues working together Different organs working together

6. __________  _____________  ____________ ORGANISMSPOPULATIONSCOMMUNITY BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006 SAME SPECIES LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA Ex: “herd” DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA

7. ____________  ___________  _____________ ECOSYSTEMSBIOMES IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide All the organisms that live in a place together with their NON-living environment Group of ecosystems that have same climate and similar communities BIOSPHERE The portion of the planet in which all life exists

8. Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________ SPECIES http://suedafrika.net/bluegifs/twooryx.jpg

9. EX: Horse X donkey = mule 64 chromosomes62 chromosomes63 chromosomes http://environnement.ecoles.free.fr/Site-chevaux/images/etalon_quarter_horse_genuine_redskin.jpg http://www.caribbeanart.com/art/j-portrait-donkey.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule Horses and donkeys are different species. If you breed them, the result is a mule which can NOT have offspring!

10. The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________ The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________ (includes land, water, atmosphere) ECOLOGY BIOSPHERE http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Images/Topographic/Whole_Earth/Earth_100.jpg Extends from about 8 km above the Earth’s surface to 11 km below the ocean’s surface

11. WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM? __________________ All the living things an organism interacts with __________________ All the non-living things that affect an organism Ex: climate, temperature, sunlight soil, humidity, wind BIOTIC FACTORS ABIOTIC FACTORS Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

12. __________________ = The area where an organism lives A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest HABITAT http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpg http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg

13. _____________ = place it lives PLUS the _____________ & ______________ interactions it has in that place NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS... What it eats? What eats it? Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces? NICHE biotic abiotic

14. HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an organism’s ____________ Niche is like an organism’s ______________ address OCCUPATION http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.png http://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpg http://www.formaui.org/kamalii/critters.htm http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg

15. NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE ! BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 = ______________________________ Competitive exclusion principle

16. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17 SUNLIGHT ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY

17. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 PHOTOSYNTHESIS ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY

18. Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________ They use energy stored in ________________ of ______________________to produce carbohydrates = ___________________ Ex: Bacteria that live in HOSTILE places Like volcano vents, hot springs, marshes BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 chemical bonds absence of light INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS

19. HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif CONSUMERS

20. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS ________________ = eat only plants ________________ = eat only animals ________________ = eat both plants & animals http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpg http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg HERBIVORES CARNIVORES OMNIVORES

21. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs ________________ = break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpg http://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm DETRITIVORES DECOMPOSERS

22. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten ________________ _________________ = _________________ http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) ↑ ↑ FOOD CHAIN

23. In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together. FOOD WEB Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

24. Each step in a food chain or web = _______________ ______________ ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll TROPHIC LEVEL PRODUCERS FIRST

25. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll 10%

26. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development, movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll HEAT

27. Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See a movie WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

28. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/ Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe Replication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.asp Transcription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif Translation:

29. Growth and Development Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp REPRODUCTION

30. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Dormancy and migration Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles Energy flow Cooperation and competition in ecosystems LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

31. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Energy flow LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

32. Core High School Life/Earth Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment; explain how H 2 0, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems; describe how various factors may affect global climate; High school students performing at the BASIC level: given pictorial representations of the H 2 0 and C cycles explain how elements and compounds move between living and nonliving systems describe one factor that may affect global climate

33. IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY Paint image by Riedell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

34. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif

35. http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

36. http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm http://bestanimations.com http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/ http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html