2. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter 7 Early China Chapter 7 Early China

3. Chapter Introduction Section 1 China’s First CivilizationsChina’s FirstCivilizations Section 2 Life in Ancient ChinaLife in AncientChina Section 3 The Qin and HanThe Qin and Han Dynasties Reading Review Chapter Assessment Early China Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Discuss how river valleys, mountains, and deserts influenced the development of Chinese civilization.  Discuss how the lack of order encouraged the growth of three important belief systems.  Summarize the ruling philosophies, accomplishments, and failures of the Qin and Han dynasties. Early China

5. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Early China

6. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the first civilizations in China and how the geography of the region, especially its rivers, mountains, and deserts, influenced China’s cultural development. China’s First Civilizations

7. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places Huang He (HWAHNG HUH)  Chang Jiang (CHAHNG JYAHNG)  Anyang (AHN·YAHNG)  Meeting People Wu Wang (WOO WAHNG) China’s First Civilizations

8. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary dynasty (DY·nuh·stee)  bureaucracy (byu·RAH·kruh·see)  mandate (MAN· DAYT )  Dao (DOW) aristocrat (uh·RIHS·tuh· KRAT )  pictograph (PIHK·tuh· GRAF )  ideograph (IH·dee·uh· GRAF )  China’s First Civilizations

9. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. China’s Geography Huang He, or the Yellow River, flows for more than 2,900 miles across China.  Chang Jiang, or the Yangtze River, is about 3,400 miles long and flows across central China. (pages 225–226) Flooding of the river brought destruction and good farming conditions to China.  China’s First Civilizations

10. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. China’s Geography (cont.) The Middle Kingdom was created after the Chinese people united to form one kingdom. (pages 225–226) China has very little farm land because much of the country is either mountains or deserts.  China’s First Civilizations

11. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Huang He valley was the center of Chinese civilization.  (pages 226–229) The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynasty.  The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1122 B.C.  Anyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. China’s First Civilizations

12. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Shang Dynasty (cont.) People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.  The king and his family were the most powerful group.  Warlords and other royal officials were in the class below the kings.  They were aristocrats, nobles whose wealth came from the land they owned. China’s First Civilizations (pages 226–229)

13. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Shang Dynasty (cont.) Traders and artisans were below the aristocrats.  Most of the lower classes were farmers.  Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class of people.  People in the Shang dynasty believed in many spirits and gods and honored ancestors with offerings. China’s First Civilizations (pages 226–229)

14. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Shang Dynasty (cont.) Shang kings believed they received wisdom and power from the gods, spirits, and ancestors.  Early Chinese writing used pictographs, or characters that stand for objects.  Ideographs are two or more pictographs joined to represent an idea.  Artisans created many works but are best known for their bronze objects. China’s First Civilizations (pages 226–229)

15. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Zhou Dynasty Wu Wang and his followers rebelled against the Shang dynasty and created the Zhou dynasty.  (pages 229–231) The Zhou dynasty ruled longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history. China’s First Civilizations

16. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Zhou Dynasty (cont.) A bureaucracy—officials who are responsible for different areas of government—served under the king.  The Zhou kingdom was divided into smaller territories.  Each territory was led by an aristocrat.  Zhou kings were thought to be the link between the gods and people. Kings in the Zhou dynasty served as the head of the government.  China’s First Civilizations (pages 229–231)

17. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Zhou Dynasty (cont.) The Mandate of Heaven was a heavenly law that gave Zhou kings the power to rule.  The Mandate of Heaven also gave people rights.  The Dao was the proper way kings were to rule their people.  Irrigation and flood-control systems were developed during the Zhou dynasty. China’s First Civilizations (pages 229–231)

18. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Zhou Dynasty (cont.) Farm tools, such as the plow, were developed.  Silk was an important trade item during the Zhou dynasty.  The Period of Warring States occurred before the fall of the Zhou dynasty.  During this time, the local rulers began fighting with each other. China’s First Civilizations (pages 229–231)

19. Life in Ancient China Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section focuses on society in early China, including the great religious and philosophical systems that were created.

20. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas Life in Ancient China Three Chinese philosophies, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, grew out of a need for order. Chinese society had three main social classes: landowning aristocrats, farmers, and merchants. 

21. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Confucius (kuhn·FYOO·shuhs)  Meeting People Laozi (LOWD·ZOO)  Hanfeizi (HAN·fay·DZOO) Life in Ancient China

22. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary social class  Filial peity (FIH·lee·uhl PY·uh·tee)  Confucianism (kuhn·FYOO·shuh· NIH ·zuhm)  Legalism (LEE·guh· LIH ·zuhm) Daoism (DOW· IH ·zuhm)  Life in Ancient China

23. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Create a pyramid diagram like the one on page 232 of your textbook. Show the social classes in ancient China from most important (top) to least important (bottom). Life in Ancient China

24. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Life in Ancient China Chinese society had three main social classes: aristocrats, farmers, and merchants.  Aristocrats grew rich from farmers who grew crops on the land the aristocrats owned. A social class includes people who share a similar position in society.  (pages 232–235) Life in Ancient China

25. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Life in Ancient China (cont.) Farmers paid aristocrats with part of their crops.  Merchants were in the lowest class.  Most Chinese people were farmers.  They grew rich but were still looked down on by aristocrats and farmers.  Chinese families were large, and children were expected to work on farms. Life in Ancient China (pages 232–235)

26. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Life in Ancient China (cont.) Men were considered more important than women in Chinese society.  Men went to school, ran the government, and fought wars.  Filial piety means children had to respect parents and elders.  Women raised children and managed their households. Life in Ancient China (pages 232–235)

27. Life in Ancient China (cont.) A Chinese village. Life in Ancient China (pages 232–235)

28. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chinese Thinkers Three major theories—Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism—were developed to reinstate peace after the Period of the Warring States.  (pages 235–239) Confucius was a great thinker and teacher, who believed that people needed a sense of duty to be good.  Confucianism taught that all men with a talent for government should take part in government. Life in Ancient China

29. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chinese Thinkers (cont.) Daoism teaches that people should give up worldly desires and encourages the importance of nature.  Legalism is the belief that society needs a system of harsh laws and punishments.  The scholar Hanfeizi developed Legalism. Life in Ancient China (pages 235–239)

30. The Qin and Han Dynasties Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section looks at the Qin and Han dynasties and the changes they brought to China in the areas of religion, trade, government, and technology.

31. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas The Qin and Han Dynasties Qin Shihuangdi used harsh methods to unify and defend China.  Developments during the Han dynasty improved life for all Chinese.  The Silk Road carried Chinese goods as far as Greece and Rome.  Unrest in China helped Buddhism to spread.

32. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Locating Places Guangzhou ( GWAHNG ·JOH)  Silk Road  Luoyang (loo·WOH·YAHNG) The Qin and Han Dynasties Get Ready to Read (cont.)

33. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Liu Bang ( lee ·OO BAHNG)  Han Wudi (HAHN WOO·DEE)  Qin Shihuangdi (CHIHN SHEE·hwahng·dee)  Meeting People Building Your Vocabulary acupuncture (A·kyuh· PUHNGK ·chuhr) The Qin and Han Dynasties Get Ready to Read (cont.)

34. Reading Strategy Determining Cause and Effect Complete a diagram like the one on page 240 of your textbook showing the inventions of the Han dynasty and the resulting impact on society. The Qin and Han Dynasties Get Ready to Read (cont.)

35. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi Qin was a ruler of a local state during the Zhou dynasty.  He gradually took over neighboring states and declared himself Qin Shihuangdi, or First Qin Emperor.  Qin’s rule was based on legalism.  (pages 241–242) Qin abolished the officials’ authority to pass their posts on to their sons. The Qin and Han Dynasties

36. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi (cont.) He became the only person authorized to fill empty posts.  Qin united China, created one type of currency, ordered the building of roads and buildings, and connected the Chang Jiang to central China by canal. The Qin and Han Dynasties (pages 241–242)

37. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi (cont.) Chinese people believed Qin Shihuangdi was a harsh ruler, and they overthrew his dynasty after his death. The Qin and Han Dynasties The Great Wall of China was built to protect the Chinese from the Xiongnu, a nomadic people living north of China.  (pages 241–242)

38. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Han Dynasty Civil service examinations began when Han Wudi started testing potential government employees. Liu Bang founded the Han dynasty in 202 B.C.  (pages 244–246) The Qin and Han Dynasties

39. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Han Dynasty (cont.) Farmers sold their land to aristocrats and became tenant farmers to survive. Farmers had to divide their land among more and more sons, which left them with very little land.  The Qin and Han Dynasties The population tripled during the Han dynasty.  Students prepared for many years to take the exams.  (pages 244–246)

40. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Han Dynasty (cont.) The Chinese invented many new products during the Han dynasty, such as the waterwheel, the rudder, drill bits, steel, and paper.  Chinese doctors began practicing acupuncture, the practice of easing pain by sticking needles into patients’ skin. The Qin and Han Dynasties (pages 244–246)

41. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Silk Road The Silk Road was an overland trade route extended from western China to southwest Asia. Silk was the most valuable trade product.  (pages 246–247) The Qin and Han Dynasties

42. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Major Changes in China The Han dynasty fell after wars, rebellions, and plots against the emperor.  Buddhism spread from India to China.  (page 248) Civil war began, and nomads invaded the country before the government collapsed.  Buddhism helped people cope with the chaotic times. The Qin and Han Dynasties

43. The Geography of China

44. Shang Empire

45. Zhou Empire

46. Qin and Han Empires 221 B.C.-A.D.220

47. Trading in the Ancient World

51. Early China Introduction

52. China’s First Civilizations

53. Life in Ancient China

54. The Qin and Han Dynasties

55. Click the speaker button to play the audio. 551- 479 B.C. Confucius

56. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Qin Shihuangdi c. 259-210 B.C.