1. Unit 8 1 The gerund 8.2We can use the gerund as an object … 8.1The gerund and its forms Part A Grammar Practice Part B Part C Language Practice Part D Part E 8.3 Gerunds in expressions

2. Unit 8 2 The gerund 8.1 8.1 When -ing forms are used like nouns, they are called gerunds. She enjoys helping her mother in the kitchen. Compare: Compare: She enjoys her work. The gerund helping in the first sentence is used in a similar way to the noun work in the second sentence. Helping and work are both the object of the verb enjoy.P.61

3. Unit 8 3 The gerund P.61 The gerund can have the passive form: being + past participle I’ll bring an umbrella. I don’t want to risk being caught in the rain. Compare: Compare: I was caught in the rain.

4. Unit 8 4 The gerund P.61 8.2 8.2 We can use the gerund as the object of the following verbs: admitconsideravoiddelaydeny keep (= continue) fancyimaginefinishenjoymind stand (= bear) misspractisedislikesuggestriskpostpone

5. Unit 8 5 The gerund P.61 I don’t mind waiting. Compare: Compare: I didn’t mind the wait. Wrong: Wrong: I don’t mind to wait.

6. Unit 8 6 The gerund 1 We can use the structure verb + object + gerund with some verbs. Sorry to keep you waiting. Sorry to keep you waiting. That’s all right. P.61

7. Unit 8 7 The gerund 2 We can use the gerund after phrasal verbs like give up, go on, keep on, cut down on, put off, etc. and after feel like, can’t help, (can’t) stand, burst out, etc. My father has given up smoking. I can’t stand waiting in long queues. P.62

8. Unit 8 8 The gerund 3 We can also use the gerund as the object of a preposition. She knocked before entering the room. P.62

9. Unit 8 9 The gerund Note: Note: ‘To’ can be a preposition and so can be followed by a gerund. I look forward to seeing you again soon. I am not used to going to bed so late. They objected to him cutting down the tree. P.62

10. Unit 8 10 The gerund 4 The negative is formed by adding not before the gerund. He admitted to not telling the truth. Compare: Compare:He admitted to not having told the truth. P.62

11. Unit 8 11 The gerund P.62 Grammar Practice Choose the correct words or phrases to complete the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example.

12. Unit 8 12 The gerund 1 Have you finished _____________ your homework? 2 She suggested _____________ lunch together tomorrow. 3 I tried to avoid ___________________ into the argument. 4 I couldn’t help _____________ as I remembered Helen’s joke. (1) to do/doing (2) to have/having (3) to be drawn/ being drawn (4) to smile/smiling doingP.62 having being drawn smiling

13. Unit 8 13 The gerund 5 On second thoughts, I’ve decided ________________ that new smartphone. 6 We didn’t feel like ________________, so we had dinner at home. 7 Would you mind ________________ so much noise? 8 She ended the letter with ‘I look forward to _____________ from you soon’. (5) not to buy/ not buying (6) to eat out/ eating out (7) not to make/ not making (8) hear/hearingP.62 not to buy eating out not making hearing

14. Unit 8 14 The gerund P.63 8.3 8.3 We use the gerund in the following common expressions. It’s no use/goodIt’s no use arguing with them. It’s no good trying to hide the truth. Compare: Compare: It’s useless to complain about the weather.

15. Unit 8 15 The gerund P.63 There’s no point inThere’s no point in trying again. It won’t work. have difficulty (in)I’m sorry I’m late. I had difficulty (in) finding your office. It’s a waste of time/ money It’s a waste of time chatting online. waste/spend time/ money He wastes a lot of money buying clothes online.

16. Unit 8 16 The gerund P.63 I’m free this afternoon. Let’s go shopping. Compare: Compare: I’m going to do some shopping this afternoon. We often use go + gerund for outdoor activities (go swimming/fishing/hiking/ sailing, etc.) and do + the/some + gerund for indoor activities (do the cooking/ washing up, cleaning, etc.) go + gerund

17. Unit 8 17 The gerund P.63 be busy/worth + gerund She is busy talking on the phone. The film is not worth seeing.

18. Unit 8 18 The gerund P.63 Complete the sentences using the given words. The first one has been done for you as an example.

19. Unit 8 19 The gerund 1 Paul often goes to the library. He _____________________ ________________________________________________ (spend/a lot of time/read/there). 2 Ted has a bicycle. He ______________________________ ________________________________________________ (go/cycle/in Tai Po/often). spends a lot of time reading there/there readingP.63 goes cycling in Tai Po often/ often goes cycling in Tai Po

20. Unit 8 20 The gerund 3 It’s a waste of money ______________________________ ________________________________________________ (buy/comic books). 4 It’s early. I don’t mind _____________________________ ________________________________________________ (wait/for/her). P.63 buying/to buy comic books waiting for her

21. Unit 8 21 The gerund 5 My brother ______________________________________ ________________________________________________ (do/homework/before/watch television/usually). 6 Don’t talk to her. She ______________________________ ________________________________________________ (be/busy/study/for/her exams). P.63 usually does his homework before watching television is busy studying for her exams

22. Unit 8 22 The gerund 7 It was a public holiday. She _________________________ ________________________________________________ (spend/the day/play/volleyball/her friends). P.63 spent the day playing volleyball with her friends

23. Unit 8 23 The gerund P.64 Language Practice Some of the underlined verbs in the sentences are in the wrong form. Correct them. If the verb form is correct, put a tick (  ) in the space. The first two have been done for you as examples.

24. Unit 8 24 The gerund (1) ____________ (2) ____________ (3) ____________ (4) ____________ playing 1 My sister practised to play the piano all morning yesterday. 2 Hurry up, Paul. I don’t want you to risk missing the school bus. 3 My grandparents do not like to go to bed late. 4 Peter burst out laugh all of a sudden. P.64 laughing

25. Unit 8 25 The gerund (5) ____________ (6) ____________ (7) ____________ (8) ____________ (9) ____________ 5 She disliked to be treated as a child. 6 I’m used to take a walk in the park after dinner every night. 7 She was surprised that she was kept waited. 8 He regrets did not follow his teacher’s advice. 9 Are you planning to enter the competition?P.64 being treated taking waiting not following

26. Unit 8 26 The gerund P.64 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box. Each verb can be used ONCE only. The first one has been done for you as an example.

27. Unit 8 27 The gerund 1 She was surprised that he entered the room without _________________. 2 He doesn’t like horror movies. It’s no good ____________ to persuade him to watch this vampire movie with us. 3 She kept _________________ question after question. 4 They continued _________________ after a short break. knocking trying asking working P.64 OPTIONS

28. Unit 8 28 The gerund P.64 askexerciseknockprepare playtrywinwork BACK

29. Unit 8 29 The gerund 5 Our school’s Open Day is next week. We’re busy _________________ for it. 6 It’s a waste of time _________________ online games. 7 ‘Don’t worry about _________________ the game,’ the coach said. ‘Just do your best.’ 8 She kept fit by _________________ every day. preparing playing winning exercising P.64 OPTIONS

30. Unit 8 30 The gerund P.64 askexerciseknockprepare playtrywinwork BACK

31. Unit 8 31 The gerund P.65 Complete the dialogue by using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. The first two have been done for you as examples.

32. Unit 8 32 The gerund Billy Jim and I are going (1) (camp) tomorrow. Would you like (2) (come) with us? Fred, Ann and Rebecca (3) (come), too. SandyI’d love to, but I have to do some (4) (clean) up tomorrow. My parents (5) (return)from their holiday. (1) ____________ (2) ____________ (3) ____________ (4) ____________ (5) ____________ camping to come P.65 are coming cleaning are returning

33. Unit 8 33 The gerund Billy When do you expect them (6) (arrive) home? Sandy Around three in the afternoon. Why? Billy Well, we won’t be (7) (leave) until around five. I can help you with the cleaning in the morning. Then you can come with us. (6) ____________ (7) ____________ to arrive leaving P.65

34. Unit 8 34 The gerund SandyIt’s very kind of you (8) (offer) to help, Billy, but I need (9) (stay) at home and wait for them after that. Billy Well, I’m happy (10) (help) anyway. (8) ____________ (9) ____________ (10) ____________ to offer to stay to help P.65

35. Unit 8 35 The gerund Sandy Thanks for your offer – but it’s okay. You’d be better off (11) (prepare) for the camping trip. You don’t want (12) (leave) anything behind, do you? (11) ____________ (12) ____________ preparing to leave P.65