1. The Music of Language Lyric Poetry and Sonnets

2. Poetry Author’s purpose for poetry is generally to show, express, or describe emotions o Concise or compact in form by carefully chooses diction o Vary in style and form (rhythm, rhyme, etc.) o Often in stanzas o Often uses figurative language and sound effects o May tell stories or use imagery to paint pictures in words o The speaker (narrator’s voice) may or may not be the same as the poet o Syntax (word order and sentence structure) may be inverted

3. Key terms Imagery – descriptive details that use one or more of the five senses for the reader to imagine Diction – word choice o Poetry’s diction is concise (brief but thorough) and exact Theme – universal lesson(for everyone in the universe); point or moral the author wants the audience to learn; the central idea Syntax – sentence structure; word order

4. Types of Poetry Dramatic – uses dialogue and other techniques of dramas Free verse contains no patterns or rules for rhythm or rhyme Lyric poems are short and highly musical verse containing rhythm and rhyme that expresses the views of a single speaker; they were originally meant to be sung or accompanied by music o Sonnet: 14-line poem in which each line has ten syllables: u/u/u/u/u/ with a rhyme scheme o Elegy: lyric poem that meditates about death with a serious tone and formal diction. Often an elegy honors someone who has recently died. o Ballad: sentimental poem with musical qualities (rhythm and rhyme) and two or more stanzas o Ode: lyrical (musical) poem with a formal tone that praises someone or something o Limerick: five-line poem that is funny or silly

5. Common Types of Poetry Narrative – poem that tells a story Epic – long narrative poem that tells the stories about a hero’s deeds or adventures Haiku – three-line poem about nature that uses the following syllable rules: Line 1 with 5 syllables, line 2 with 7 syllables, and line 3 with 5 syllables Diamante – a seven-line, diamond-shaped poem Line 1: noun Line 2: two adjectives Line 3: three action verbs that end in “-ing” Line 4: four nouns Line 5: three action verbs that end in “-ing” Line 6: two adjectives Line 7: noun

6. Sonnets I.fourteen-line poem with a rhythm in iambic pentameter (ten syllables: u/ u/ u/ u/ u/) II.Six types, each with its own rhyme scheme: A.Italian/Petrarchan: abba – abba – cdc - dcd B.Spenserian: abab – bcbc – cdcd –ee C.Three less common: Miltonic, Terza Rima, Curtal D.English/Shakespearean: abab –cdcd –efef –gg 1.Three quatrains establish a theme or problem 2.Final couplet resolves it and/or delivers the theme