1. Affirmative tú commands

2. When you tell friends, family members, or young people to do something, you use an affirmative tú command. To give these commands, use the same present-tense forms that you use for Ud., él, ella. Affirmative tú commands

4. Certain verbs, like poner and hacer, have irregular command forms. Jorgito, ¡pon la mesa! Jorgito, ¡haz tu cama! Affirmative tú commands

5. The present progressive tense

6. When you want to emphasize that an action is happening right now, you use the present progressive tense. Paco está lavando los platos. Paco is washing dishes (now). Estoy haciendo la cama. I’m making the bed (right now).

7. The present progressive tense To form the present progressive tense, use the present-tense forms of estar + the present participle. The present participle is formed by dropping the ending of the infinitive and adding -ando for -ar verbs or -iendo for -er and -ir verbs.

8. The present progressive tense Leer has an irregular spelling in the present participle: leyendo.

9. The letters n and ñ In Spanish, the letter n sounds like the n in “no.” Listen to and say these words: anaranjado nieva nadar joven desayuno necesito encantado número nombre donde However, the sound changes when there is a tilde (~) over the n. The ñ then sounds like the -ny- of the English word canyon. Listen to and say these words: señor otoño español enseñar año montañas niña mañana piñata cumpleaños

10. The letters n and ñ Try it out! Listen to this trabalenguas and then try to say it. El señor Yáñez come ñames en las mañanas con el niño.