1. Operant Conditioning UNIT 7 LESSON 2

2. Objectives  Describe and apply components of operant conditioning.  Identify B.F. Skinner.  Analyze uses and effectiveness of reinforcement and punishment.  Describe reinforcement schedules.

3. Warm Up  You always talk to your (boy/girl) friend while sitting in your beanbag chair. After an ugly breakup, you find that even looking at the chair upsets you, so you give it to Goodwill.  Identify the NS-UCS-UCR-CS-CR  What would be occurring if you couldn’t sit in any chair while talking on the phone?  What if you only refused to sit in beanbag chairs?  What if you go away to college and your roommate has a chair that makes you chuckle as you sit in it and think about the story?  And this can only occur after it’s gone away which is called?

4. Classical vs. Operant Conditioning  Classical  Subject INVOLUNTARILY responds to environmental stimulus.  Operant  Environment responds to the subject’s VOLUNTARY behavior.

5. Operant Origins  Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect  Rewarded behavior likely to occur again

6. B.F. Skinner  Behavior influenced by history of its consequences  Reinforcements: Repeat, increase  Punishments: Decrease, stop

7. Skinner Box & Shaping

8. Principles of Operant Conditioning PLEASANT UNPLEASANT  PRESENTED (+) TAKEN AWAY (-)

9. Operant Conditioning Chart PositiveReinforcementPunishment OmissionTrainingNegativeReinforcement Pleasant Unpleasant/ Aversive + _

10. Review  Which principle of operant conditioning…  Presents something unpleasant?  Takes something pleasant away?  Takes something unpleasant away?  Presents something pleasant?

11. Activity Introduction to Operant Conditioning : In each example,  Identify subject’s behavior  Identify consequence for behavior  Is it presented or taken away?  Does behavior increase or decrease?  When you’ve worked your way through the problem, identify which principle of operant conditioning is at work. ( PR, NR, OT, PUN)

12. Providing Reinforcement  Continuous Reinforcement  Every time desired behavior occurs  Partial Reinforcement  Only given sometimes after desired behavior occurs.

13. 4 Schedules of Partial Reinforcement FIXED INTERVAL: Reinforced after set amount of time has passed. Ex: Bi-weekly paycheck FIXED RATIO: Reinforced after a specific, unchanging # of behaviors. Ex: $5.00 for every 20 shirts sewn VARIABLE INTERVAL: Reinforced after an unpredictable time interval. Ex: Administrator “pop-ins” in classrooms VARIABLE RATIO: Reinforced after a changing # of behaviors. Ex: Slot machines

14. Activity Schedules of Reinforcement Practice : Decide if reinforcement comes after  An amount of time (I)...or…  The number (R) of “times” you perform behavior?  Is it set (F)…or…  Does it change (V)?  Write: FI, FR, VI, VR

15. Closure  Use all 4 principles of operant conditioning to describe how you’d get a child to eat spinach without complaining.