1. 3/4 Focus: 3/4 Focus: – The Mongols, a nomadic people from Central Asia, conquered settled societies across Asia and built the largest unified land empire in history. Do Now: Do Now: – Identify two technological innovations developed during the Tang and Song dynasties

4. Lived on the Central Asian Steppe – Dry grasslands – Harsh environment -57° F(winter) - 95°(summer) Natural resources were scarce

5. Nomadic people – Were pastoralists Herded domesticated animals Became expert horsemen – Depended on animals for food, clothing, and housing materials Lived in Yurts – Were use to competing for resources

6. c

7. Real name was Temujin United the Mongol clans under his rule – Was given the title Genghis Kahn – Meant “World Emperor” – Ruled from 1206- 1227AD

8. Genghis Khan established an organized and highly disciplined military – Organized into armies of 10,00 men 1000 man brigades 100 man companies 10 man platoons – Destroyed everything in their path – Ruthless in battle and conquest

9. “Man’s greatest good fortune is to chase and defeat his enemy, seize his total possessions, leave his married women weeping and wailing, [and] ride his [horse].... “ G-Genghis Khan “I am the punishment of God...If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you.” - Genghis Khan

10. Attacked northern China in 1211 Began an effort to conquer territories across Asia and into parts of Eastern Europe

12. Expert horsemen and bowmen – Could cover 120 miles on a horse in one day – Invented the stirrup so they could turn and shoot arrows while riding – Would drink the blood of their horse if they were out of food

14. Adopted new weapons and technologies captured from his enemies – Used Chinese engineers to built catapults and gunpowder charges and used them against other Chinese cities

15. Used brutality and psychological warfare against their enemies to spread terror – Burned any town or city that resisted them and killed all of the inhabitants Killed millions of people – This led other towns or cities to surrender without a fight

16. Used deceptive military tactics and surprise attacks on enemies – Often made the Mongol army appear larger than it was Dressed prisoners as Mongol soldiers – Would make it appear as if the Mongol army was retreating which would lead his enemies to pursue him A larger Mongol force would be waiting to surprise pursing enemy forces

18. Identify the characteristics of Mongol warriors that made them successful in battle. What tactics allowed the Mongols to establish the world’s largest land empire?

19. 3/5 Focus: 3/5 Focus: – Mongol rule provided a period of stability and economic growth that encouraged the movement of goods, ideas, and technology between the East and the West. Do Now: Do Now: – What tactics allowed the Mongols to establish the world’s largest land empire?

20. Genghis Khan died in 1227 His successors continued to conquer territories and established an empire that stretched from China to Eastern Europe – Empire divided into 4 Khanates or sections

22. Were not oppressive rulers – Granted religious toleration – Allowed people to maintain their way of life but had to pay tribute to the Mongols

23. Ruled Russia for 250 years Isolated Russia from the rest of Europe Absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for future Russian rulers

24. Destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate Took over parts of Persia, Turkey, Syria, and India Mongol descendent would start the Mughal dynasty in India

25. Grandson of Genghis Khan Completed conquering of all of China – also controlled Korea Established the Yuan Dynasty – Ruled China for 150 years

27. Did not want to Mongols to be absorbed into Chinese civilization – Mongol workers were given best jobs in government – Only allowed Mongols to serve in the army

28. Attempted to conquer Japan in 1281 – 150,000 Mongol, Chinese, and Korean warriors attempt to invade Japan – Mongol fleet hit by a typhoon and invasion fails Stops Mongol expansion – Japanese come to revere the “divine wind” saved Japan “Kamikaze “

30. Mongol rule over Asia lead to a period of peace and stability that allowed for an exchange of goods and ideas between the East and West – 1250’s-1350’s

31. Increased trade and cultural diffusion along the Silk Road – Mongols insured safe passage along the trade route – Trade increases – Knowledge and technology from Asia to Europe

33. Marco Polo  Italian Merchant  Traveled to China  Writings sparked an interest among Europeans in China Ibn Battuta  Muslim traveler  Documented his travels through Asia Safe travel brought travelers to Asia

35. Mongol lands were too large and diverse for one power to govern – Mongols had very little experience in government Death of strong leaders brought about uprisings from groups that resented being ruled by the Mongols – Death of Kublai Khan brought the end of the Yuan Dynasty Was replaced by the Ming Dynasty

36. Friday’s Quiz Questions Explain the Geography of China Explain the term Ethnocentric Explain some facts about the Tang Dynasty Explain some facts about the Song Dynasty Explain the Civil service system Explain the Dynastic cycle What is the Pax Mongolia What were some effects of the Pax Mongolia

37. What was the Pax Mongolia? Who were two people who are known for traveling across Asia and recording their experiences there? What was the primary impact of the Golden Horde on Russia?