1. Chapter 28: The Cold War

2. Early Cold War Plans Truman Doctrine: US will provide financial aid to any country that is facing the threat of Communism (ex: Greece and Turkey) Marshall Plan: US will help Europe recover economically from WWII (USSR not included) Containment: Keep Communism where it is, and don’t let it expand any further

3. Alliances Form Mutual Deterrence: If both sides have a huge nuclear arsenal, neither side will want to fight (see also: Mutually Assured Destruction) NATO: Most Western countries join this military alliance promising aid to each other if needed Warsaw Pact: The Eastern answer to NATO

4. Cold War Goes Global Korean War: US & USSR divide Korea in half; NK invades SK; Douglas MacArthur heads into NK; China invades; 38 th Parallel remains the border Vietnam War (#1): Ho Chi Minh fights France for self-determination; US and China get involved; Vietnam gets split in half (sound familiar?) Berlin: Khrushchev vs. Eisenhower and JFK leads to the Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis: Bay of Pigs, nuclear weapons, a blockade, and a hotline

5. Decolonization: It’s About Time Africa: Freedom but a struggle with self-rule; South Africa and apartheid Middle East: Palestine?; Nasser + US + USSR; Pan-Arabism; PLO, Yasir Arafat, and a powerful Israel Asia: Philippines; India + Pakistan (Gandhi opposes); Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia; China and the Great Leap Forward First World, Second World, Third World

6. USSR Post-War Industry + military grow; consumer struggles Stalin’s totalitarian murderous regime ends 1953 Khrushchev comes to power: de-Stalinization, but that goes too far for his comfort Brezhnev takes over

7. Eastern Europe At first, most of Eastern Europe follows Stalinization (five year plans) 1956: Poland declares independent socialism but is forced to compromise 1956: Hungary declares freedom; it does not end in freedom

8. Western Europe Moderation is key: the Christian Democrats wanted democracy and economic reform (socialism is no longer popular thanks to the Cold War) Charles de Gaulle: “Make France Great Again” (but France is too tiny and nationalization/economic issues drive de Gaulle out) West Germany: democracy; troubled by the ghosts of Nazism; guest workers come in as the economy grows Great Britain: becomes a welfare state thanks to the Labour Party (includes social security and socialized medicine) and that leads to the necessary end of their empire Italy: grows thanks to the Marshall Plan; Christian Democrats stay in power

9. Unifying Western Europe Nationalism means W Europe must unify economically, because politically won’t happen European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (goodbye tariffs and trade barriers): France, W Germany, Benelux, and Italy European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Rome Treaty  European Economic Community/Common Market (EEC)

10. USA and Canada Economic boom Social programs thanks to the New Deal (Great Society follows in those footsteps) Upheaval in the 60s: Civil Rights movement Canada just keeps calmly growing, although they don’t want to be the US’s little brother NORAD (North American Air Defense Command): against USSR bombers The Liberal Party mostly stays in power; welfare state is created

11. Post-War Culture Consumer society: workers aspire to be middle class Rise of mass leisure: tourism and commercialized popular culture The welfare state is a big deal (ex: family allowances) Gender issues, foundation of women’s lib, and suffrage (ex: Simone de Beauvoir) Art Brut: Jean Dubuffet Abstract Expressionism: Jackson Pollock Pop Art: Andy Warhol Theater of the Absurd: Waiting for Godot Existentialism: Satre and Camus; “the world is absurd and without meaning… humans have but once source of hope- themselves” Religious Revival Attempts: Barth, Pope John XXIII, Vatican II Pop culture and the Americanization of the world Television and music