1. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Mr. Snell

2. Athens Golden Age – the 50 years Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning. Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science all reached new heights.

3. Pericles’ Plan Pericles led Athens in the Golden Age. Held support for 32 years. Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, and a respected general. 461-429 B.C.E – Age of Pericles Pericles’ Three goals: To strengthen Athenian democracy To hold and strengthen the empire To glorify Athens

4. Strengthening Democracy Increased paid government jobs Let poor citizens hold office More citizens engaged in self-government. Direct Democracy – a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.

5. Athenian Empire Persians defeated, Delian League established. Athens took over leadership and dominated city-states within it. Pericles expanded the navy for safety. Some cities in the Peloponnesus resisted Athens and formed their own alliances.

6. Glorifying Athens Money from the Delian league was also used to beautify Athens. Bought huge sums of gold, ivory, and marble. Also had to pay all the working artists.

7. Glorious Art and Architecture Pericles made it his goal to have Athens glorified through art. Architecture and Sculpture Parthenon – 23,000 square-foot temple building, built to honor Athena, the goddess of wisdom and protector of Athens. Phidias – Sculptor trusted to work on the Parthenon. He crafted a giant statue of Athena.

8. Phidias’ statue of Athena (not original)

9. Greek Sculpture Statues: Show body in motion Face of serenity Perfect form Strength beauty Classical Art Promoted harmony, order, and balance Discobolus by Myron

10. Greek Drama Drama is Greek word meaning “action” All actors men Express pride and dedication to Gods Elaborate costumes and masks

11. Drama - Tragedy Tragedy – A serious drama about love, hate, war, or betrayal. Feature a main character, or tragic hero. Hero had extraordinary abilities. A tragic flaw leads to the hero’s downfall, usually pride. Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides -3 notable drama writers.

12. Drama - Comedy Comedy – scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor. Made fun of politics, respected people, ideas. Aristophanes wrote the first great comedies.

13. The Peloponnesian War Greece vs. Sparta Athens - better navy Sparta - better army Sparta good location inland Pericles wanted to avoid land battles with Sparta.

14. Cont. – Peloponnesian War Spartans marched into Athenian territory. Burned food supply. Pericles brought people into the city walls. City was safe from hunger as long as ships could sail into ports. In year two: Disaster struck Athens! Plague killed 1/3 of population, and Pericles! 421 B.C.E. – a truce is signed between the sides. Athenians broke truce trying to destroy a wealthy ally of Sparta. Athens was crushed with defeat in 413 B.C.E. 404 B.C.E. – Athens Surrenders Athens lost its empire, power, and wealth

15. Philosophers Search for Truth Philosophers – means “lovers of wisdom” Universe is put together in orderly way Laws unchanging Understanding through logic and reason Three major philosophers. Socrates mentored Plato, who mentored Aristotle.

16. Socrates Standards exists for truth and justice. Question and examine beliefs. 399 B.C.E. trial before Athens for corrupting the youth. Condemned to death. He died by drinking hemlock, a slow-acting poison.

17. Plato A student of Socrates. Author of The Republic, where he set forth a vision of a perfectly governed society. Not a democracy, instead people put in 3 groups: Farmers and artisans Warriors The ruling class The person with the greatest insight and intellect from the ruling class would be chosen philosopher-king.

18. Aristotle Student of Plato “learn by doing” Invented rules to argue logically Ideas led to the scientific method Tutored Alexander, son of King Phillip II of Macedonia. Birds have feathers and lay eggs. Owls have feathers and lay eggs. Therefore, an owl must be a type of bird.