1. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Chapter 5
Section 3

2. Key Terms Direct democracy Classical art Tragedy Comedy
Peloponnesian Wars
Philosopher
Socrates
Aristotle
Plato
Key Terms

3. Pericles Plan for Athens
Wise and able statesman
Ruled for 32 years
Called the Golden Age
Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, science all reached new heights
Pericles Plan for Athens

4. Pericles’ Plan for Athens
3 goals
To strengthen Athenian democracy
To hold and strengthen the empire
To glorify Athens
Pericles’ Plan for Athens

5. Stronger Democracy Increased public officials who were paid
Most positions had been unpaid
Only wealthy served
Had more citizens involved in self government
One of the most democratic governments in history
Stronger Democracy

6. Direct democracy- citizens rule directly and not through representatives
Male citizens on the assembly established all important government policies
Stronger Democracy

7. Athenian Empire Delian League formed after Persia’s defeat
Athens took over the league and dominated other city-states
Athenian navy the strongest
Treated other members as past of an empire
Some groups opposed this and formed the Peloponnesian League
Athenian Empire

8. Glorifying Athens Used Delian League money to beautify Athens
Voted to buy huge sums of gold, ivory and marble
More money went to architecture, artists, workers and materials
Glorifying Athens

9. Architecture and Sculpture
Partheon-23,000 square foot building
Built to honor Athena
Created a 30 foot statue of Athena with gold and ivory
Create graceful, strong , perfectly formed sculptures
Architecture and Sculpture

10. Architecture and Sculpture
Sculptors aimed to create figures who were
Graceful
Strong
Perfectly formed
Faced showed joy not anger
Classical Art-capture grace and body in motion, ideal beauty, harmony, balance, proportion
Architecture and Sculpture

11. Drama and History Greeks invented dramas
Theatrical productions were expressions of civic pride and tribute to the gods
Wealthy citizens bore the cost
Actors used costumes and masks
Plays included choruses, song and poetry
Drama and History

12. Tragedy and Comedy Tragedy-serious drama about love, hate, betrayal
Main character a tragic hero
Gifted with extraordinary abilities
Tragic flaw would cause heroes downfall
Hubris-excessive pride usual flaw
Tragedy and Comedy

13. Tragedy and Comedy Greeks had three notable dramatists
Aeschylus- wrote 80 plays
Trilogy Oresteia
Family of Agamemnon the Mycenaean king commanded troops at Troy
Examines ideas of justice
Tragedy and Comedy

14. Tragedy and Comedy Sophocles Euripides Wrote 100 plays
Oedipus the King of Antigone
Euripides
Medea
Often featured strong women in his works
Tragedy and Comedy

15. Comedy Scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
Made fun of politicians and respected people
Aristophanes wrote the first great comedies
The Birds of Lysistrata
Women forcing men to end Peloponnesian War
Showed openness of public discussion
Comedy

16. History No written records from the Dorian Period
Herodotus- pioneered accurate recordings of what took place
Book on Persian Wars first work of history
Thucydides-certain types of situations recur over time
Studying these event could aid in understanding the present
History

17. Athenians and Spartans go to War
Peloponnesian War- war between the two leagues
Athens stronger navy
Sparta stronger army
Sparta marched into Athenian territory and burnt food supply
Pericles brought everyone inside the city walls
Athenians and Spartans go to War

18. Athenians and Spartans go to War
City was safe
Ships brought in food
Second year of war plague strikes
One-third of population dies
Pericles dies
421 BC sign a peace treaty
Athenians and Spartans go to War

19. Sparta Gains Victory 415 BC Athenians sent their fleet to Sicily
Wanted to destroy Syracuse a wealthy Spartan ally
413 BC Athenians crushed
404 BC Athens and allies surrender
Sparta Gains Victory

20. Philosophers Search for Truth
Athenians lost confidence in their government and questioned their values
Philosophers-lovers of wisdom
Two assumptions
The universe is put together in an orderly way and subject to absolute and unchanging laws
People can understand these laws through logic and reason
Philosophers Search for Truth

21. Philosophers Search for Truth
Sophists- questioned people unexamined beliefs and ideas on justice and values
Protagoras- questioned the existence of gods
No universal standard of truth
“Man is the measure of all things”
Philosophers Search for Truth

22. Socrates Critic of Sophists Believed absolute standards did exist
Encourage Greeks to go further and question themselves and their character
“The unexamined life is worth living.”
Socrates

23. Socrates 399 BC brought to trial for
“corrupting youth of Athens”
“neglecting the city’s gods”
Socrates said his teaching were good for Athens
Forced people to think about their values and actions
Died from drinking hemlock
Socrates

24. Plato Student of Socrates 370 Plato wrote The Republic
Set forth a vision of a perfect society
Not a democracy
All citizens fall into three groups
Farmers and artisans, warriors, ruling class
Person with greatest insight would be the philosopher king
Plato

25. Questioned the nature of the world and human belief and knowledge
Invented method of arguing rules of logic
Applied his methods to psychology, physics, and biology
Basis of scientific method
Most famous pupil Alexander the Great
Aristotle