1. UNITED STATES HISTORY AND THE CONSTITUTION South Carolina Standard USHC-2.1

2. Key Questions What is the Monroe Doctrine? What is the Monroe Doctrine? Why did the United States create the Monroe Doctrine? Why did the United States create the Monroe Doctrine? How did the Monroe Doctrine affect United States foreign policy? How did the Monroe Doctrine affect United States foreign policy? What impact did it have on the Mexican War? What impact did it have on the Mexican War? How did other nations view the Monroe Doctrine? How did other nations view the Monroe Doctrine?

3. The Monroe Doctrine The Doctrine was written by President James Monroe in 1823 The Doctrine was written by President James Monroe in 1823 The Monroe Doctrine simply put is that the American Continents were off limits to future colonization by any European powers. The Monroe Doctrine simply put is that the American Continents were off limits to future colonization by any European powers. In reality the US would not have been able to back it the Doctrine do to a weak military. In reality the US would not have been able to back it the Doctrine do to a weak military.

4. Wars and Trade A common misunderstanding is that the Monroe Doctrine was immediately important. A common misunderstanding is that the Monroe Doctrine was immediately important. When the early 19th century wars of liberation in South America ended their mercantilist relationship with Spain, Great Britain established strong trade ties with Latin America. When the early 19th century wars of liberation in South America ended their mercantilist relationship with Spain, Great Britain established strong trade ties with Latin America.

5. Monarchs Back in Power When the monarchs were restored in Europe at the end of the Napoleonic wars, they wanted to restore their colonial holdings. When the monarchs were restored in Europe at the end of the Napoleonic wars, they wanted to restore their colonial holdings. Great Britain wanted to protect its lucrative trade and encouraged the United States to join Britain in opposing any reestablishment of colonial claims. Great Britain wanted to protect its lucrative trade and encouraged the United States to join Britain in opposing any reestablishment of colonial claims.

6. Empty Threat? President Monroe warned European nations not to attempt to reestablish those colonial claims. President Monroe warned European nations not to attempt to reestablish those colonial claims. American military power was very limited in the early 19th century and the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine primarily depended on the British navy. American military power was very limited in the early 19th century and the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine primarily depended on the British navy.

7. Long Term Resentment The Monroe Doctrine would be used in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries as a basis for United States involvement in Latin American affairs by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson. The Monroe Doctrine would be used in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries as a basis for United States involvement in Latin American affairs by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson. This caused resentment among Latin Americans. This caused resentment among Latin Americans.

8. “Manifest Destiny” “Manifest Destiny” was a phrase coined in the 1800s, but was an idea that had predominated American thought since the first settlers. “Manifest Destiny” was a phrase coined in the 1800s, but was an idea that had predominated American thought since the first settlers. It is the belief that Americans had a God-given right to all the land of the North American continent. It is the belief that Americans had a God-given right to all the land of the North American continent. It was based on an ethnocentric confidence that other peoples were less favored by divine providence and should give way before the Americans. It was based on an ethnocentric confidence that other peoples were less favored by divine providence and should give way before the Americans.

9. Deal Struck The United States was willing to make a treaty with Great Britain and accept less territory than originally claimed in the Oregon territory. The United States was willing to make a treaty with Great Britain and accept less territory than originally claimed in the Oregon territory. Supporters of the Oregon territory claimed the boundary between US and Canada should be the 54 degree 40’ north latitude. Supporters of the Oregon territory claimed the boundary between US and Canada should be the 54 degree 40’ north latitude. Polk’s supporters slogan “fifty-four forty or fight” Polk’s supporters slogan “fifty-four forty or fight” In private, President Polk agreed to split the territory at the 49 degree north latitude instead. In private, President Polk agreed to split the territory at the 49 degree north latitude instead.

10. Mexico invites U.S. Citizens Many Americans moved into Texas at the invitation of the Mexican government to have more land for cotton and slavery. Many Americans moved into Texas at the invitation of the Mexican government to have more land for cotton and slavery. The conditions for that invitation included that the Texans would obey the laws of Mexico. The conditions for that invitation included that the Texans would obey the laws of Mexico.

11. Texans Revolt over Slavery When the Mexican government outlawed slavery, the Texans revolted and won their independence however the Mexicans did not recognize Texan independence. When the Mexican government outlawed slavery, the Texans revolted and won their independence however the Mexicans did not recognize Texan independence. The annexation of Texas to the United States was delayed in order to avoid the controversy that the addition of the new slave state would raise and Texas remained independent for almost a decade. The annexation of Texas to the United States was delayed in order to avoid the controversy that the addition of the new slave state would raise and Texas remained independent for almost a decade.

12. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny became a rallying cry for the election of James Polk in 1844 and Texas was annexed by joint resolution of Congress shortly thereafter. Manifest Destiny became a rallying cry for the election of James Polk in 1844 and Texas was annexed by joint resolution of Congress shortly thereafter. President Polk sent emissaries to Mexico to offer to purchase additional Mexican territory but his offer was rebuffed. President Polk sent emissaries to Mexico to offer to purchase additional Mexican territory but his offer was rebuffed.

13. Land Grab Then Polk sent American troops into a region that was disputed between Texas and Mexico. Then Polk sent American troops into a region that was disputed between Texas and Mexico. The Mexicans interpreted this as a hostile act. Shots were fired and President Polk interpreted that action as an act of war. The Mexicans interpreted this as a hostile act. Shots were fired and President Polk interpreted that action as an act of war. In the war, U.S. forces penetrated deeply into Mexican territory and in the peace treaty the United States acquired land that today includes the states of California, New Mexico and Arizona. In the war, U.S. forces penetrated deeply into Mexican territory and in the peace treaty the United States acquired land that today includes the states of California, New Mexico and Arizona.

14. Deal at Gun Point This land that the U.S “bought” from Mexico was part of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the fall of Mexico City to U.S. forces. This land that the U.S “bought” from Mexico was part of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the fall of Mexico City to U.S. forces. This land now includes the states of California, Utah, and Nevada, also parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Wyoming. This land now includes the states of California, Utah, and Nevada, also parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Wyoming. Mexican War established an adversarial relationship between the United States and Mexico that lasted into the 20th century and may still influence resentments exacerbated by the contemporary controversy over illegal immigration. Mexican War established an adversarial relationship between the United States and Mexico that lasted into the 20th century and may still influence resentments exacerbated by the contemporary controversy over illegal immigration.