1. World War II SSUSH19

2.  SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.  Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response.  Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans, German-Americans, and Italian- Americans.  Explain major events; including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin.  Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries.  Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb.  Compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops.

3. How did the US get involved? 1. Ally support 1. Germany, Italy and Japan were invading foreign nations 2. US neutrality acts prevented support of allies 1. Could not send financial or arms support 3. War in Europe, and fear of war at home, increased pressure to aid allies in Europe 2. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

4. Neutrality  Isolationist foreign policy after WWI  1934 – Johnson Debt Default Act  Could not send financial aid to nations who defaulted on previous war debts  1935 - Neutrality Act  Prohibited sale of arms and munitions to nations at war  1937 – Neutrality Act  Forbade American corporations from loaning money to belligerent nations  Must purchase goods with cash and carry back on own ships

5. Lend-Lease Act  Congress agreed to end “cash and carry” policy for arms in 1941  Began Lend-Lease Act  Loaned or leased arms to any national vital to US defense  $50 billion in weapons sent Lend-Lease Program: loan or lease arms to nations vital to US defense

6. The Axis Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo

7. Axis Powers  Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan against the allied nations in WWII.

8. Adolf Hitler  German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889- 1945).

9. Benito Mussolini  Italian fascist dictator (1883- 1945).

10. Hideki Tojo  Japanese army officer and politician who ruled as dictator (1941-1944) during World War II

11. The Allies

12. Allied Powers  WWII alliance between Great Britain, the U.S., France, China, the Soviet Union, and several other European countries in an effort to defeat the Axis powers.

13. Winston Churchill  British politician and Prime Minster of Great Britain from 1940 to 1945, and 1951 to 1955.

14. Joseph Stalin  Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

15.  Isn’t there an international group to prevent this kind of aggression?

16. Pearl Harbor  December 7, 1941. Japan surprise attacks the American Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

17. Pearl Harbor  December 7, 1941  2,403 killed; 1,178 injured  Much of US Pacific navy fleet destroyed  FDR calls it “a date which will live in infamy”  94% of Americans had been isolationists before the attack in Hawaii  After the attack, America changed its mind  FDR DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN (but has to help Britain with Germany first)  What does December 7 th have in common with September 11 th ?

18. Pearl Harbor

36. Mobilization  act of assembling readying for war or other emergency

37. Mobilization for WWII  5 million Americans volunteer  Another 10 million drafted (Selective Service)  18 million working in war industries  Less than 25% hired African Americans  Weekly paychecks rose 35%  Unemployment falls to 1.2%  What did joining World War II do to the Great Depression, if unemployment dropped from 25% to 1.2%?

39. Rationing  Allow each person to have only a fixed amount of (a particular commodity)

40. Rationing  Office of Price Administration (OPA) set limits on prices, keeping them manageable (slow down the inflation!)  OPA also set up a system where households received rationing coupons (c-books) to be used for buying such scarce goods as meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline.  Why would it be important to RATION things like sugar and gasoline during war?

42. War-Time Conversions  industries switch to wartime production.

43. War-time Conversion  War Production Board (WPB) said which industries would switch to wartime production  Mechanical pencils turned out bomb parts  Bedspread maker made mosquito netting.  Soft-drink company started filling explosives.  WPB also set a list of conserved materials  Iron, tin, paper, cooking fat  What may have Henry Ford’s company converted to during World War II?

45. A. Philip Randolph  played a central role in the drive for Civil Rights for African Americans from the 1920s to the 1970s.

46. A. Philip Randolph  July 1, 1944 Randolph called for African Americans to march at Washington DC under this banner:  “We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the Right to Work and Fight for Our Country.”  FDR backed down and issued an executive order making discrimination in defense industrial hiring illegal  Who does A. Philip Randolph remind you of?  Frederick Douglass?  WEB DuBois?  Martin Luther King, Jr.?

48. Internment  confinement during wartime.

49. Japanese Relocation Order  Executive order 9066, signed by President Roosevelt following the attack on Pearl Harbor; directed the Secretary of War to establish military districts, which could intern people deemed to be at risk to national security.

50. Japanese-American Internment  In 1942, FDR ordered removal of 110,000 Japanese-Americans to “relocation centers” ( prison camp )  2/3 were Nisei (born in US)  $400 million in possessions lost  Should this be illegal? Why or Why not?  In 1944, the Supreme Court said the camps were legal in the name of military necessity  Korematsu v. United States

53. Women in War Industries  6 million women come to work (35% of work force) in order to keep the economy running  And women in war!  WAAC (Women’s Auxiliary Army Commission) never in combat positions  How have women’s roles and expectations evolved from (a) World War I, (b) the Roaring Twenties, (c) The Great Depression, and now (d) World War II?

55. Describe the fight to win World War II.  Who were the two main nations the US fought against in WWII?  Where are these nations located?  How might their locations make this a tough war to fight?

56. D-Day  date of the Allied landing in France, World War II.

57. D-Day  June 6, 1944  General Dwight D. Eisenhower planned a major attack from Britain to the northern beaches of France  Operation Overlord will be the largest land-sea-air operation in army history!  Seven days of fighting along an 80mile coast marked the beginning of the Allied victory in Europe  Where else have you heard that name (Eisenhower) before?

58. D-Day

62. WWII Trenches

63. Trench Warfare

64. WWII Weapons

65. Fall of Berlin  was the final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II.

66. The Fall of Berlin  Hitler’s last desperate attempt fell short at the Battle of the Bulge  Allies began to liberate the death camps of the Holocaust  Then the Soviet army stormed Berlin  Rather than surrender his capital city, Hitler committed suicide  ALLIES CELEBRATE V-E DAY (Victory in Europe)  May 8, 1945  Hitler & Germany have been defeated, is the war over now?

67. Fall of Berlin

68. Celebration in Times Square

69. Battle of Midway  effectively destroyed Japan’s naval strength when the Americans destroyed four of its aircraft carriers. Japan’s navy never recovered from its mauling at Midway and it was on the defensive after this battle

70. Battle of Midway  The TURNING POINT battle in the Pacific stops the growth of the Japanese sea empire  Huge morale boost for Americans  Opens the Allied strategy of “island hopping” toward Japan  What battle in Europe does this compare to?  Led to victories at Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa

71. Battle of Midway

75. Atomic Bomb  atom bomb: a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium or plutonium)

76. The Atomic Bomb  The MANHATTAN PROJECT  TOP SECRET project led by J. Robert Oppenheimer to develop an atomic bomb in LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico  Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)  Nagasaki (August 9, 1945)  Surrender finally comes  Why drop these bombs?

77. Hiroshima: 150,000+ casualties Nagasaki: 75,000+ casualties

78. Economic & Political Implications of Dropping the Atomic Bomb  General Douglas MacArthur leads US occupation and reconstruction of Japan  Nuclear Power could also be used for new domestic technologies  Soviet Union was deeply offended we didn’t tell them about the atomic bomb testing  Couldn’t we trust them? Were we trying to send a message of strength to them?  President Harry S. Truman’s war reputation is emboldened as America celebrates V-J Day (Victory of Japan)  Wait a second, where did President Truman come from? I thought FDR was the president that took us into WWII…

80. WWII QUIZ (1) What was the name of the acts passed by Congress to try to prevent US involvement in WWII? (2) What was the name of the act of Congress that showed we were ready to be the “arsenal of democracy”? (3) What happened on December 7, 1941? (4) What happened on June 6, 1944? (5) What is the turning point battle in the Pacific Ocean? (6) What is the name of the largest land-sea-air invasion in WWII? (7) What is the name of the US general in charge of operation overlord? (8) What is the name of the US general in charge of the fighting against Japan? (9) What are two reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on Japan? (10) What are the two cities in Japan where the US used atomic bombs?

81. European Theater  huge area of heavy fighting across Europe from Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939 until the end of the war with the German unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945

82. Pacific Theater  area of heavy fighting across the Pacific Ocean during World War II.

83. Operation Overlord  Code name for D-Day, June 6 th, 1944. Land, Air, Sea attack.

84. Iwo Jima  During World War II, it was a heavily fortified site of a Japanese airbase, and its attack and capture in 1944–45 was one of the severest US campaigns. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo

85. Dwight D. Eisenhower  was a five-star general in the United States Army during WWII and the 34th President of the United States.

86. Manhattan Project  Secret WWII project to harness atomic power; resulted in the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.