1. Republicans Challenge Slavery Republicans Challenge Slavery In the wake of the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, people were looking for a new political party that would share their concerns about the spread of slavery. Both compromises did nothing to stop the spread of slavery. It was clear that neither the Democratic Party nor Whig Party would take a strong stance on slavery. “We have submitted to slavery long enough,” an Ohio Democrat declared. In 1854, a group gathered in Michigan and formed the Republican Party. This party would take a strong stand on ending the spread of slavery into the new western territories.

2. Formation of the Republican Party Formation of the Republican Party Dissatisfied with the compromises made on slavery, in 1854 the Republican Party is formed. They ask for: 1.Cancellation of the Fugitive Slave Law 2.Repel of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

3. √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig (American) 1856 Presidential Election 1856 Presidential Election

4. 1856 Electi on Result s

5. Dred Scott Decision - 1857 Dred Scott Decision - 1857 The fight over slavery even extended into the court room. Dred Scott, a slave, was taken by his master from the slave state of Missouri into free territory. After a few years he was taken back to Missouri. Scott sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived in a free territory and so was no longer a slave. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote the majority opinion that said that, “a black man has no rights that a white man was bound to respect.”

6. Dred Scott Decision -1857 Dred Scott Decision -1857 The Supreme Court of the US ruled that Scott, being a slave, was not a citizen and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court. The Supreme Court also ruled that slaves are property and a person cannot be deprived of their property. Therefore, a slave can be taken into any territory. The Dred Scott decision made all of the compromises (1820, 1850, K&N) unconstitutional (illegal). Slavery, therefore could extend to all territories.

7. Dred Scott Decision -1857 Dred Scott Decision -1857 Supreme Court Case that states: Slaves are property.Slaves are property. Compromise of 1820, 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act are illegal.Compromise of 1820, 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act are illegal. “We are now one great slave- holding community.” - Northern Newspaper

8. Dred Scott Decision

9. The Rise of “Honest Abe” Lincoln is from Illinois. Lincoln opposes slaveryLincoln opposes slavery Self-educatedSelf-educated LawyerLawyer PoliticianPolitician Runs unsuccessfully for several offices.Runs unsuccessfully for several offices.

10. Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 Lincoln ran for US Senate – 1858Lincoln ran for US Senate – 1858 Loses election to Stephen DouglasLoses election to Stephen Douglas Lincoln becomes a national figure.Lincoln becomes a national figure. Possible candidate for president in 1860!Possible candidate for president in 1860!

11. John Brown’s Raid John Brown’s Raid John Brown was a fanatical abolitionist who favored freeing the slaves by force. Participated in “Bleeding Kansas”Participated in “Bleeding Kansas” 1859 – Leads 18 men to Harper’s Ferry, VA1859 – Leads 18 men to Harper’s Ferry, VA His goal is to seize the government arsenal to start a state wide slave rebellion.His goal is to seize the government arsenal to start a state wide slave rebellion. John Brown is stopped & becomes a symbol of the anti-slavery cause.John Brown is stopped & becomes a symbol of the anti-slavery cause.

12. John Brown

14. The Last Moments of John Brown

15. Abraham Lincoln Republican 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John Bell Constitutional Union John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat *

16. Election of Lincoln (1860) Election of Lincoln (1860) Lincoln wins the election (he was not even on the ballot in 10 Southern states).Lincoln wins the election (he was not even on the ballot in 10 Southern states).

17. South’s Reaction to Lincoln’s Election South’s Reaction to Lincoln’s Election South is fearful that Lincoln will: Abolish slavery and the Southern way of life.Abolish slavery and the Southern way of life. Ruin the South economicallyRuin the South economically Ruin the South culturallyRuin the South culturally Take away their voice in the federal government.Take away their voice in the federal government. Ruin the South politicallyRuin the South politically Southern leaders threaten to secede (leave) the Union if Lincoln is elected.

18. “Secssionitis” By April 1861, eleven southern states would secede the Union and form the Confederate States of America. By April 1861, eleven southern states would secede the Union and form the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis is elected President of the CSA. Jefferson Davis is elected President of the CSA.

19. Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis

20. “Union is Dissolved!” “Union is Dissolved!”

21. Lincoln’s Inauguration Lincoln’s Inauguration March 1861 - In Lincoln’s first inauguration speech, he appealed to the people of the South to preserve the Union and prevent the out break of war. “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy this government, while I have the solemn one to ‘preserve, protect and defend’ it.

22. Fort Sumter – Opening Shots Fort Sumter – Opening Shots The CSA starts to seize US military installations throughout the South. Major Robert Anderson is in command of US forces in Charleston, SC. Major Robert Anderson is in command of US forces in Charleston, SC. Major Robert Anderson moves his men stationed in Charleston, SC to Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Major Robert Anderson moves his men stationed in Charleston, SC to Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Confederates ask for forts surrender! Confederates ask for forts surrender!

24. Lincoln’s Dilemma Lincoln’s Dilemma Ft Sumter is running low on supplies Option 1: Re-supply the fort - Might make more states to secede and spark a war. Option 2: Do nothing – Lincoln looks weak and Fort will fall into southern hands.

25. Fort Sumter – Opening Shots Fort Sumter – Opening Shots Lincoln sends a supply ship with food only Lincoln sends a supply ship with food only Confederate must take the fort while Union supplies are low.Confederate must take the fort while Union supplies are low. April 12, 1861, 4:30 AM – Confederate troops fire on the Fort. April 12, 1861, 4:30 AM – Confederate troops fire on the Fort.

26. Fort Sumter – Opening Shots Fort Sumter – Opening Shots Anderson surrenders after a 34 hour bombardment (not one man was killed) Anderson surrenders after a 34 hour bombardment (not one man was killed) A “ Bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American History. ” A “ Bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American History. ”

27. Ft. Sumter Gen. Beauregard Major Robert Anderson

28. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

29. Volunteers! After the loss of Fort Sumter and the surrender of Maj. Anderson Lincoln calls for 75,000 ninety day volunteers to put down the rebellious states. Civil War had arrived!