1. GRADE 8 SCIENCE Physical Science Spring 2004 Released Test

2. 1. In order to turn on the light, a piece of wire needs to be connected from - 1.A to C 2.A to D 3.B to C 4.C to D

3. 2. Which of these minerals is a carbonate? 1.Calcite (CaCO 3 ) 2.Galena (PbS) 3.Gypsum (CaSO 4 ) 4.Magnetite (Fe 3 0 4 )

4. 3. A plant’s green color is due to the presence of which organelle? 1.Chloroplast 2.Nucleus 3.Mitochondrion 4.Vacuole

5. 4. The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water. From which position will the most accurate measure of the volume of the water be made? 1.Position 1 2.Position 2 3.Position 3 4.Position 4

6. 5. Which of these species would be most in danger of becoming extinct if one of their food sources became unavailable? 1.Brown Bear 2.Panda 3.Polar Bear 4.Black Bear

7. 6. Which of these has the greatest influence over how big a baby elephant will grow? 1.The amount of oxygen in the air 2.The amount of food available 3.The size of the trees in the jungle 4.The type of grass on the plains

8. 7. At what speed would a car have to move in order to travel 20 kilometers in two hours? 1.5 km/hr 2.10 km/hr 3.20 km/hr 4.40 km/hr

9. 8. The quality of air is monitored by the government to determine whether a city needs to take steps to control air pollution. To best measure air quality, the air should be tested - 1.Once a year on a day with very little vehicle traffic 2.Once a day during rush hour when the most cars are on the road 3.Several times a day in all kinds of weather 4.At night when the air is probably less polluted.

10. 9. In the food web shown, which of the following consumers eat only producers? 1.Hawk 2.Owl 3.Fox 4.Mouse

11. 10. Which body in the solar system usually contains an atmosphere? 1.An asteroid 2.A planet 3.A meteor 4.A comet

12. 11. Which of the following is used to measure the mass of an object? 1.Balance 2.Metric ruler 3.Graduated cylinder 4.Barometer

13. 12. The area that shows the amplitude of the wave is - 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

14. 13. This experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that plants grow faster in green light. The same amount of water and fertilizer were added to each pot. Which of these would improve the experiment? 1.Use green lights for all three plants 2.Add more types of plants 3.Use the same kind of plant in all trials 4.Use different pots each plant

15. 14. Which of these resources would give the most current, complete and accurate information on planets? 1.Planet website by Round Rock Middle School 2.The NASA website 3.A set of general encyclopedias 4.A science book about the planets

16. 15. Which of these planets in the solar system was the most recently discovered? 1.Mars 2.Venus 3.Jupiter 4.Pluto

17. 16. Electric bills are calculated based on the amount of energy consumed. The consumption is measured in units of - 1.Newton meters 2.Millijoule seconds 3.Megavolt minutes 4.Kilowatt hours

18. 17. Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light energy? 1.A car battery caused the headlights to shine. 2.A candle burns and lights up the room. 3.A display of fireworks in the night sky. 4.An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain.

19. 18. Which of these would be the best model to use to study the cause of the moon’s phase changes? 1. 2. 3. 4.

20. 19. A group of people were concerned about a new coal- burning power plant that might be built in their neighborhood. What is probably their main concern? 1.Burning coal produces more heat than burning wood 2.The heat from burning coal can drive generators that produce electricity. 3.Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide which contributes to acid rain. 4.These is more coal in the earth than there is oil and gas.

21. 20. Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil? 1.A taiga 2.A tundra 3.A deciduous forest 4.A grassland

22. 21. What is next in this series? 1.Habitats 2.Organisms 3.Systems 4.Organelles

23. 22. Which of these is due entirely to inheritance in human? 1.Reading skill 2.Eye color 3.Endurance 4.Broken bones

24. 23. Which of these is best classified as a mixture? 1.Carbon dioxide 2.Water 3.Soil 4.Iron

25. 24. The line graph shows the heights of plants grown in fertilized and unfertilized soil. Based on this information, what will most likely occur on day six? 12345 1.Neither plant should increase by 1 cm in height 2.Plant A should increase about 1 cm in height. 3.Plant B should increase about 1 cm in height. 4.Plant A should increase about 2 cm in height

26. 25. Which of these belongs in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atoms? 12345 1.Electrons 2.Protons 3.Neutrons 4.Photons

27. 26. The force that holds the planets in orbit around the sun is called- 12345 1.Motion 2.Friction 3.Pressure 4.gravity

28. 27. Ranchers historically have used genetics to produce new varieties of cattle. Buffalo can tolerate both hot and cold temperatures but have meat that is not as tasty and tender as beef. Cattle that are subjected to severe temperatures extremes produce meat that is neither tender nor good-tasting. What good qualities might a “beefalo” possess? 12345 1.Animals that tolerate heat and cold but do not have good-tasting meat. 2.Animals with good- tasting meat but not tolerance to heat. 3.Animals that tolerate heat and a cold and have good-tasting meat. 4.Animals that tolerate cold but do not have good-tasting meat.

29. 28. How are humans classified within a food chain? 12345 1.Producer 2.Consumer 3.Decomposers 4.Manufacturers

30. 29. The location on the track where the train has the greatest potential energy is - 12345 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

31. 30. Convection is the result of - 12345 1.Currents caused by the motion of heated molecules 2.Increases in the density of solids 3.Colder portions of liquids rising 4.The lack of heat transfer

32. 31. If you break a piece of glass, the shape of the glass changes, but the properties in the fragments remain the same. Which of the following has occurred? 12345 1.A chemical change 2.A temperature change 3.A phase change 4.A physical change

33. 32. This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected from the beaches was plastic? 12345 1.46% 2.49% 3.56% 4.70%

34. 33. Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment above. The seeds were placed in a dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of these is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment? 12345 1.The type of seed 2.The amount of water used 3.The number of sprouts 4.The temperature of each dish

35. 34. A substance made up of two or more elements that have been chemically combined is called - 12345 1.An atom 2.A compound 3.An element 4.A mixture

36. 35. Which of the following is produced as a result of photosynthesis? 12345 1.Heat 2.Water 3.Oxygen 4.Carbon dioxide

37. 36. A proton has which of the following charges? 12345 1.Negative 2.Neutral 3.Positive 4.Magnetic

38. 37. Which of the following lists the elements in order, from those having the least protons to those having the most protons in the atoms? 12345 1.O,N,B,Li 2.Na, S, Al, Cl 3.O, S, Se, Te 4.Rb, K, Na, Li

39. 38. Lions usually live in prides made up of a few adult females, an adult make, and some younger lions. The females hunt together and the kill is shared with the pride. The lions’ methods of hunting best illustrates - 12345 1.Cooperation 2.Competition 3.Territoriality 4.Parasitism

40. 39. Which of the following are characteristics of the most productive ecological environment? 12345 1.Stable temperatures and high rainfall amounts 2.Hot temperatures and low rainfall amounts 3.Cold temperatures and low rainfall amounts 4.Low temperatures and high rainfall amounts

41. 40. The picture shows a pond ecosystem. What would most likely happen if all the lily plants were removed from this community? 12345 1.There would be more oxygen in the air. 2.The pond water currents would be slower. 3.There would be more kinds of animals in the pond. 4.The animals would have fewer places to hide.

42. 41. The sea urchin shown has radial symmetry. This means that its body parts are - 12345 1.Equally arranged around a central point 2.Designed to function in seawater 3.Likely to be reformed if any part of the body is damaged 4.Able to function on land and in the water

43. 42. Both light bulbs are lit in the circuit above. In order to turn off both lights, a switch much be installed in the circuit at the place marked - 12345 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

44. 43. Calcium metal (Ca) can be produced by passing an electric current through molten calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ). Chlorine gal (Cl 2 ) is also formed. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? 12345 1. 2. 3. 4.

45. 44. According to this graph, which of these is most important in developing the biomass of these plants? 12345 1.Nitrates 2.Sulfates 3.Magnesium 4.Iron

46. 45. Which diagram best shows the reflection of light? 12345 1. 2. 3. 4.

47. 46. The density of an object is dependent upon the object’s mass and - 12345 1.Height 2.Area 3.Volume 4.weight

48. 47. Which of these has the most influence on ocean tides? 12345 1.The magnetic field of the Earth 2.Gravity between the Earth and the moon 3.Radiation from the sun 4.Electrical forces in the atmosphere

49. 48. John and Emily were experimenting with the effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this, they watered plants daily with the same amount of salt water. They could best improve their experiment by- 12345 1.Increasing the amount of salt added to the water each day 2.Cooling the salt water before watering the plants 3.Adding food color to see how far the salt penetrates the plants 4.Watering half the plants with pure water and half with salt water

50. 49. In this food web, which organism has the greatest number of food sources? 12345 1.Snake 2.Hawk 3.Shrew 4.Mouse

51. 50. In which of the following environments would you expect to find the greatest number of different species of plants and animals per square mile? 12345 1.An island near the South Pole 2.A wheat filed in North Dakota 3.A pasture on a Virginia farm 4.A tropical rain forest in Panama