2. CHAPTER 28 TRANSFORMATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE

3. Section 1: CHINA (Quick overview) In China, a weak government could not resist European power.

5. Section 1 China Resists Outside Influence 1.In the late 1700s China was SELF- SUFFICIENT 2.They had a strong farming economy based on RICE 3.China DID NOT need or want outside influence.

6. China 4. China allowed very LIMITED trade with outside world 5. Europeans were allowed to use only 1 port 6. In this port the Chinese sold MORE than they bought (CHINA ADVANTAGE) 7. Britain tried to find something the Chinese would buy in large quantities 8. Britain began to sell OPIUM to the Chinese 9. Many Chinese became addicted, & the govt. complained (WAR BROKE OUT) 10. China lost, & they took HONG KONG 11. Britain & the U.S. began trading in 5 of the ports

7. China 12. China had many internal problems (starvation because of population growth) 13. Chinese began to rebel against the govt. 14. The TAIPING REBELLION resulted (Millions were killed)

8. China 15. In the 1800s European powers and Japan became a huge part of China’s economy. (Sphere of Influence) 16. U.S. wanted a OPEN DOOR POLICY 17. Britain agreed, but it did little to help China 18. China was clearly dominated by foreign powers

9. China 19. Many Chinese hated the foreign influence 20. They formed the “SOCIETY OF HARMONIOUS FISTS” called the Boxers (BOXER REBELLION) 21.They wanted to get rid of all Western influence including any Chinese who were CHRISTIANS or accepted the European culture 22. The rebellion was put down

10. China 23. Soon changes in China were allowed 24. In 1908, the court said that China would become a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY by 1917 25. HOWEVER, unrest would soon result.

18. Japan Brief overview: In JAPAN, a reforming emperor modernized the country and launched imperialist expansion

20. Section 2: Modernization in JAPAN 1.From 1600-1800s JAPAN was isolated from the world. 2.That changed when American steamships, w/ cannons entered Japanese water. 3.The next year Japan agreed to open up trade to the U.S.(TREATY OF KANGAWA) 4.Soon after European countries also traded with Japan

21. Japan 5. Many Japanese were upset with the SHOGUN (military leader) for allowing the treaty 6. The SHOGUN was overthrown 7. An Emperor now ruled directly 8. This ruled lasted 45 years, called the MEIJI ERA, means enlightened rule

22. Japan 9. The Emperor was determined to modernize the country. 10. He sent officials to Europe and the U. S.. From what they saw a new Japan was formed. 11. Govt. followed GERMANY (strong central govt.) 12.Germany’s: Army 13. Britain’s: NAVY 14. American: SCHOOLS 15.Built railroads, mined coal, and made factories

23. Japan 16. In a few years Japan’s ECONOMY equaled any in the world 17. By 1890, it was the strongest military power in ASIA 18.It now wanted to demonstrate its power

24. Japan 19. China broke an agreement saying they would not send soldiers into Korea 20. Japan went to WAR! 21. Japan drove China out of KOREA and gained colonies such as TAIWAN 22. 1904, Japan fought Russia over China’s Manchurian territory (RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR) 23. Japan SURPRISED the world and won!!!!

25. Japan 24. The next year Japan attacked KOREA and by 1910 it had won complete control (ANNEXATION) 25.They changed the schools; They made everything Japanese 26.Koreans became bitter; They began a NATIONIST movement against Japan

29. U.S. Economic Imperialism Brief Overview: The Latin American colonies fell prey to European businesses, and the United States became the dominant power in the region.

30. United States/ Latin America 1.In the 1800s, the Latin American nations had serious problems. 2.MOST WERE POOR!! 3.POLITICAL UNREST!! 4.CAUDILLOS, military dictators

31. United States/ Latin America 5. Countries could trade with any nation 6. U.S. and Britain become chief trading partners 7. The economies of Latin America depended on EXPORTING goods

32. United States/ Latin America 8. Latin America did not develop industries of its own. 9. Latin America IMPORTED many resources, but could not pay debt 10. Foreign nation took control of BUSINESSES

33. United States/ Latin America 11. In the 1890s U.S. began to show interest in Latin America 12. Cuban were fighting for INDEPENDENCE from Spain. 13. Spain had placed CUBAN citizens in concentration camps, which outraged many Anericans. 14. U.S. Joined the war (SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR) 15. Spain fled quickly 16. U.S. put a MILITARY govt. in CUBA 17. This promoted anger towards U.S. from the Cubans

34. United States/ Latin America 18. The U.S. next took an interest in PANAMA 19. Americans hope to build a Canal form the Atlantic to the Pacific 20. Pres. Roosevelt offered 10 million dollars to build the Canal 21. In the U.S. helped the people of Panama revolt for independence. 22. The U.S. was given the right to a 10 mile zone to build the CANAL 23. The Canal opened in 1914!!

35. United States/ Latin America 24. In 1904, Roosevelt said that the U.S. has the right to act as “an international police power.” 25. When trouble arose in various countries the U.S. sent troops. 26. Sometimes they stayed for many years.

46. MEXICO A revolution freed Mexico from France, but CIVIL WAR raged for decades.

48. Turmoil and Change in Mexico (CAMBIOS Y DESAS EN MEXICO) Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1. leading figure of independent Mexico 2. He fought Spain for independence and when Spain tried to recapture Mexico 3. President 4 times

50. MEXICO Santa Anna Santa Anna MEXICO Santa Anna Santa Anna 4. In 1830, he was unable to prevent people in TEXAS from winning freedom from Mexico. 5. In 1840, U.S. annexed Texas, which angered Mexicans. 6. A labor dispute broke out, and the U.S. invaded Mexico. 7. He lead his army and was defeated. 8. Mexico had to surrender huge amounts of land!!

51. MEXICO Benito Juarez 1. Leader during the middle 1800s 2. Zapotec Indian 3. He wanted to improve the conditions for the poor in Mexico. 4. He led LA REFORMA= wanted to stop the power of the large landowners and give school to the poor. 5. He won control in 1850 6. those who opposed him did not give up.

53. MEXICO Benito Juarez 7. His opponents plotted w/ France to retake Mexico 8. In 1862, Napoleon III sent an army and took Mexico in 18 months 9. A European Noble was named Emperor 10. Juarez did not give up. 11. He killed the new Emperor and drove the French from Mexican soil

55. MEXICO Benito Juarez 12. He continued to press for reforms. 13. He died in office in 1872 14. PORFIRIO DIAZ took up JUAREZ’S goals 15. Diaz encouraged ECONOMIC changes 16. Diaz limited POLITICAL freedom

58. MEXICO “PANCHO” VILLA 1. In the early 1900s, calls for reform got louder 2. “Pancho” got support and raised an army forcing Diaz to step down. 3. In 1917 Mexico received a new constitution. 4. Many changes took place, but turmoil still continued.