1. Communicable Diseases

2. What is a disease? Disease – any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body or mind. 2 different categories of disease.

3. Communicable Disease Disease that can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object. i.e. cold

4. Pathogens Pathogens - Disease causing organisms. Can only be seen through a microscope. Also known as germs.

5. 4 Types of Pathogens 1 – Viruses Colds, Flu, Chicken Pox, Measles, HIV/Aids, pneumonia, etc…. Viruses can be something common and not very serious (Colds), or something deadly (STD’s)

6. Pathogens 2 – Bacteria Tiny one celled organisms. Some bacteria is helpful – it kills disease. Most are harmful Pink eye, strep throat, pertussis(whooping cough)

7. Pathogens 3 – Fungi Organisms more complex than bacteria. Feed on organic materials. Athletes Foot, Ringworm Thrive in warm and damp environments.

8. Pathogens 4 – Protozoa More complex than fungi. Malaria, Dysentery(stomach infection causing diarrhea)

9. Infection Condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply and cause harm. Often can tell infections by a red circle around a cut or abrasion that is very painful to the touch. Can lead to very serious issues if not treated.

10. Spreading of Pathogens 1 – Direct contact with others Shaking hands, kissing

11. Spreading Pathogens 2 – Indirect contact with others Sharing drinking glasses or utensils Bad needles for piercings/tattoos/drug use

12. Spreading of Pathogens 3 – Contact with contaminated food or water. Undercooked meat

13. Spreading of Pathogens 4 - Contact with animals or insects. Ticks – Lyme Disease Mosquitoes – West Nile Virus

14. Protecting ourselves from the spread of pathogens Good hygiene (cleanliness) Don’t share utensils, drinks Wash hands regularly (soap and warm water) Prepare foods safely Empty trash frequently Avoid contact with someone who is infected (ex. Flu) Eat healthy, get at least 60 mins. of activity, and good sleep.

15. Helping Others stay Healthy Stay away from people when you are ill and contagious Cover your nose when you sneeze, your mouth when you cough, and turn your head away from others. Where should you cough/sneeze? Take medicine that is prescribed to reduce risk of spread of disease

16. Hygiene Another term for cleanliness. Examples of good hygiene??

17. Pathogens Antigen – substance released by invading pathogens. Antibodies – proteins that attach to antigens to keep them from harming the body. Vaccines help make antibodies for certain diseases.

18. Contagious Period The period of time that the particular disease can be spread from person to person.

19. 5 Major Barriers Tears – cover and protect the eye from dust and pathogens. Tears carry dangerous materials away from eye. Mucous Membranes – Traps pathogens. When you cough, sneeze, or blow your nose – you are clearing your mouth/nose from all the pathogens. Saliva – Washes germs from teeth. Contains chemicals to kill pathogens in mouth Skin – Tough protective surface that keeps pathogens from entering blood. If you have a cut- pathogens can get through and start infecting your body. Stomach Acid – kills pathogens that make it past the saliva membranes in the mouth.

20. Common Communicable Diseases Mononucleosis (Mono) “The Kissing Disease” Severe sore throat and swelling in the glands in the neck and around the throat. Spread through saliva contact of an infected person. Long illness depending on point of diagnosis.

21. Influenza (Flu) A common disease that has symptoms of chills, fatigue, headache/fever, and muscle aches. Caused by a virus.

22. Hepatitis Disease of the liver A, B, C A is spread through food or water B and C are spread from contact with contaminated blood.

23. Chicken Pox Red itchy bumps all over the body that come with fever, and other discomfort.

24. Pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs, often generated from exposure to cold. Can be very serious if not treated People infected with other diseases are very vulnerable to pneumonia Bacteria

25. Strep Throat Painful throat, fever and swollen glands in the neck. Caused by a bacteria. Sometimes have spots in your throat

26. Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs, STIs Spread from person to person through sexual contact.