1. Take out your shop assignment and answer the following questions…. 1. Name 3 counties belonging to the Axis powers 1. Name 3 counties belonging to the Axis powers 2. Explain the Bataan Death March 2. Explain the Bataan Death March 3. Who is Rosie the Riveter 3. Who is Rosie the Riveter 4. What were FDR’s 4 freedoms? 4. What were FDR’s 4 freedoms? 5. Why do you think Japanese Americans were treated so poorly during WWII in the US? 5. Why do you think Japanese Americans were treated so poorly during WWII in the US?

2. Major Battles of WWII Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects B. of Britain Stalingrad El Alamein D-Day B. of the Bulge

3. Vichy France France invaded by Germans and quickly defeated in 1940 France invaded by Germans and quickly defeated in 1940 Germans take control over northern half of France (including Paris) Germans take control over northern half of France (including Paris) Loyal France forced south to form Vichy France Loyal France forced south to form Vichy France

8. Battle of Britain July-October 1940 July-October 1940 Germany vs. Britain Germany vs. Britain –Luftwaffe vs. RAF Battle for air supremacy Battle for air supremacy –Focus at first for Germans was English airfields –Sept. Hitler switches concentration to London

9. Battle of Britain Starting Sept 7., 23 straight days of Luftwaffe bombing Starting Sept 7., 23 straight days of Luftwaffe bombing –Air raid shelters, subways Late Sept. RAF begins attacking Berlin Late Sept. RAF begins attacking Berlin –Luftwaffe forced to retreat –Planned invasion of Britain (Operation Sea Lion) postponed

10. Battle of Britain 1 st defeat of Hitler 1 st defeat of Hitler British citizens band together in the effort to fight back against Nazis British citizens band together in the effort to fight back against Nazis War shifted to the east War shifted to the east –Hitler believed that Britain is not surrendering because they hope Soviet soon in

11. Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects B. Of Britain Desire of the Luftwaffe to gain air supremacy over the RAF Germany and Britain - British Victory - 1 st military defeat of Hitler - Britain citizens band together B. Of Stalingrad El Alamein B. Of the Bulge

12. Operation Barbarossa Hitler turns his attention to Soviet Union Hitler turns his attention to Soviet Union –Establishes the largest army in Germany history to invade SU June 1941- German invasion on SU June 1941- German invasion on SU –Stalin upset over Hitler breaking N-A Pact By the beginning of July the SU air force is destroyed By the beginning of July the SU air force is destroyed –End of 1941- 3.35 million Soviet POWs

15. Operation Barbarossa German army enjoys much success in invading the SU German army enjoys much success in invading the SU 3.9 million Soviet POWS, 2.8 million Soviets dead by 1942 3.9 million Soviet POWS, 2.8 million Soviets dead by 1942 Key to invasion- Defeat enemy quickly because the Nazis are not prepared for a Soviet winter Key to invasion- Defeat enemy quickly because the Nazis are not prepared for a Soviet winter

16. Battle of Stalingrad Hitler believes that the knock out blow to the SU would be if the Nazi army could take over city of Stalingrad Hitler believes that the knock out blow to the SU would be if the Nazi army could take over city of Stalingrad Stalingrad is out of the way of Nazi path but they are able to reach the city of August of 1942 Stalingrad is out of the way of Nazi path but they are able to reach the city of August of 1942

17. Battle of Stalingrad Scorch the Earth Policy: Soviets burn everything in their path so the Germans cannot use it on their retreat back to Stalingrad Scorch the Earth Policy: Soviets burn everything in their path so the Germans cannot use it on their retreat back to Stalingrad Stalin demands a Soviet stand at Stalingrad Stalin demands a Soviet stand at Stalingrad –Stalin plays on the hatred of the Germans as motivation to stand and fight

18. Battle of Stalingrad By late 1942, German army has taken over 90% of the city By late 1942, German army has taken over 90% of the city Axis army weak on the flanks Axis army weak on the flanks –Protected by Italians and Romanians –Only Soviet chance of victory is to attack the weakened flanks

20. Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad November 19, 1942- Soviets launch attack on flanks November 19, 1942- Soviets launch attack on flanks Nov. 23- Soviet army meets in the middle and now encircles German army Nov. 23- Soviet army meets in the middle and now encircles German army Hitler orders his generals not to surrender Hitler orders his generals not to surrender

21. Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad January 1943- German general Paulus is forced to surrender January 1943- German general Paulus is forced to surrender –23 generals also –850,000 Axis casualties –1.1 million Soviet Turning point in the war Turning point in the war –Soviet now able to regroup and launch attack into Germany

22. Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects B. Of Britain B of Stalingrad Hitler’s desire to take key Soviet city Germany Soviet Union - Bloodiest battle in the war - Soviets drive Germany out of SU - Turning point in the war El Alamein B of the Bulge

23. North Africa Sept. 1940- Italian army (250,000) sent to attack British (30,000) in Egypt Sept. 1940- Italian army (250,000) sent to attack British (30,000) in Egypt British forces Italians back British forces Italians back –Hitler sends best General (Erwin Rommel) down to Africa to aid the Italians –Able to push British back

26. El Alamein Winston Churchill names Bernard Montgomery as general in Africa Winston Churchill names Bernard Montgomery as general in Africa –Makes a stand against the Germans at El Alamein –Battle of supplies, not strategy Allied reinforcements land in Morocco Allied reinforcements land in Morocco –Operation Torch

27. El Alamein Germans are overpowered by November 1942 and defeated Germans are overpowered by November 1942 and defeated –German’s best general is now trapped in Africa Allies now focus an attack on Southern Italy to break into Europe Allies now focus an attack on Southern Italy to break into Europe

28. Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects B of Britain B of Stalingrad El Alamein - Cut supplies off to Italy - Take Italy out of the war - Italy and Germany -Britain and US - Italy is out of the war - German troops stuck in Africa - Allied Victory B of the Bulge

30. Italian Invasion 1943

31. Italian Invasion July 1943- Allies arrive in Sicily July 1943- Allies arrive in Sicily –Hoping this would be a 2 week campaign –38 Days, 500,000 casualties –Hitler sends army to retrieve Mussolini before he is captured and more troops to set up blockade against Allied advance

32. Italian Invasion By January 1944, Allied and German forces stuck in a stalemate in Italy By January 1944, Allied and German forces stuck in a stalemate in Italy Mussolini is captured while trying to flee into Germany Mussolini is captured while trying to flee into Germany –Strung up naked, upside down on display in a major Italian city as an example Allied focus now becomes Northern France as a break-in point in Europe Allied focus now becomes Northern France as a break-in point in Europe

34. D-Day Preparation With the Soviets attacking Germany in the East and the invasion in S. Italy, Allies now wish to launch attack in West and get back into France With the Soviets attacking Germany in the East and the invasion in S. Italy, Allies now wish to launch attack in West and get back into France Allies commanders choose Normandy, France as the landing spot Allies commanders choose Normandy, France as the landing spot –Wide beaches

35. D-Day Preparation Beaches Beaches –60 miles broken into 5 divisions –Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword Germany is planning for the attack and begins reinforcing France Germany is planning for the attack and begins reinforcing France –Belief that this offensive will determine the war S. England turned into military base S. England turned into military base –1.5 million American in England to prepare

39. D-Day Tactics False information is fed to Germans False information is fed to Germans –Landing place was at Calais –Bombing was heavy at Calais site –Fake bodies were dropped in Normandy –Germans fall for the trap and prepare for attack at Calais

40. D-Day Invasion June 6 th 1944 Original date- June 5, 1944 Original date- June 5, 1944 –Postponed due to weather Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines on June 6 th Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines on June 6 th –Unsuccessful- many captured/died

46. D-Day Struggle to break into France succeeds as Allies take control on June 12 th Struggle to break into France succeeds as Allies take control on June 12 th More troops are sent in to keep the Germans out of area and to continue the build up of troops More troops are sent in to keep the Germans out of area and to continue the build up of troops

48. D-Day Effects Nazis are pushed out of France for 1 st time since 1940 Nazis are pushed out of France for 1 st time since 1940 Germany is once again surrounded by enemies and Nazis are losing confidence Germany is once again surrounded by enemies and Nazis are losing confidence –Assassination attempt on Hitler Von Stauffenberg Hitler plans one final offensive to try and get France back Hitler plans one final offensive to try and get France back

49. Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects B of Britain B of Stalingrad D-Day - US and Britain need to break into Europe - Normandy, France - - Britain - US - Germany - Allies successfully break in - Attack on Germany coming soon B of the Bulge

50. Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, 1944 Dec. 16, 1944 –200,000 Nazi troops surprise attack Allied troops in Belgium –Allied pushed back immediately –Nazi troops run into heavy tanks regiment in the middle of Allied lines and are stopped Bulge created in the lines Bulge created in the lines –By Feb. the Nazis are unable advance any further because they ran out of gas

51. Effects of B of the Bulge 19,000 American casualties 19,000 American casualties Final German offensive Final German offensive Allied launch attack into Germany surrounding Berlin Allied launch attack into Germany surrounding Berlin –Soviets on the other side, Allies coming from the South as well

52. Direct Causes Countries Involved After Effects Britain Stalingrad El Alamein Bulge Final Nazi offensive to take back France US, Britain Germany - 19,000 Americans dead - Germany near defeat

53. End of European Fighting March 1945- Allied troops marching towards Berlin March 1945- Allied troops marching towards Berlin Late March- FDR dies, Truman takes over as President Late March- FDR dies, Truman takes over as President

54. Death of Hitler April 29 th, 1945 April 29 th, 1945 –Trapped in a bunker under Berlin, Hitler dictates his last testament –Blames generals for defeat, the war on “global Jewery” –Marries Eva Braun –Receives news that Mussolini is dead April 30 th April 30 th –Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (poison and gun shot) Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (poison and gun shot)Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (poison and gun shot) –Bodies are set on fire to prevent them from being taken by the Allies May 6 th May 6 th –Germany surrenders –V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day) –Still fighting in the Pacific!

55. Concentration Camps Once Germany is defeated, Allied troops raid Germany cities to find concentration camps Once Germany is defeated, Allied troops raid Germany cities to find concentration camps –6 Million Jews killed in Holocaust –Also: gypsies, homosexuals, Soviets, Poles, mentally ill

58. Nuremberg Trials Geneva Convention Geneva Convention –International Laws dictating treatment of prisoners of war German officers brought to trial over GC violations German officers brought to trial over GC violations Many convicted and either executed or given long jail sentences Many convicted and either executed or given long jail sentences

60. Read Ch.24-4, pg.828 Define Define –Nuremberg Laws –Genocide –War Refugee Board Section Review #4 Section Review #4

61. Riddle Me This… What was the major cause of the Battle of Britain? What was the eventual outcome of this battle? What was the major cause of the Battle of Britain? What was the eventual outcome of this battle? Why was the Battle of Stalingrad fought? How did the outcome of the battle effect the Nazi military? Why was the Battle of Stalingrad fought? How did the outcome of the battle effect the Nazi military?