1. + Macromolecules of BioChemistry Organic Compounds

2. + 4 Important Macromolecules Macromolecule is a molecule that contains a large number of atoms The 4 important macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

3. + Carbohydrates

4. + Why are carbohydrates so important? Energy Structure (cell walls & exoskeletons) Carbohydrates are made up of Monosaccharide (single sugar) Disaccharide (double sugar) Polysaccharide (many sugars)

5. + Carbohydrates Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 5 carbon sugar Simple sugars: sucrose and cellulose Complex sugars: Lactose and Maltose Monosaccharide = 1 sugar Disaccharide = 2 sugars Polysaccharide = many sugars

6. + Carbohydrates Polysaccharide Many sugars Cellulose –makes up cell walls of plant cells Humans cannot digest cellulose

7. + Class Questions Name an important use of carbohydrates. Identify what monomer makes up carbohydrates. Which substance can humans not digest? What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?

8. + Lipids

9. + Why are Lipids important? Long term energy storage Insulates body Cushions body organs Makes up the cell membrane Lipids are made up of the monomer Triglyceride Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

10. + Lipids Saturated fats (solid at room temperature) Single bonds butter and any other animal fat Unsaturated fats ( liquid at room temperature) Double bonds Oils such as fish oil, vegetable oil, olive oil (plant fat) Plants produce a wax on the outside of their leaves to prevent water loss Usually the number carbons, hydrogen, oxygen is in a ratio of 1:2: very few

11. + Class Questions Why are lipids important? Identify the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats. Lipids are made up of what monomer? What do plants produce to help prevent water loss?

12. + Protein

13. + Why are proteins important? Transport O 2 Growth & Repair (build muscles & bones) Enzymes Receptors (cell membrane) Defense (antibodies) Made up of monomers: 20 Amino Acids The arrangement of amino acids determines the protein

14. + Protein No ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen Examples of Proteins: Hemoglobin Collagen Catalase Antibodies Keratin (hair & nails) Actin /Myosin (muscles)

15. + Proteins Proteins are folded into many different shapes Shapes are determined by: The sequence of the amino acids How the amino acids interact with each other How the amino acids interact with water

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17. + Class Questions Why are proteins so important? Proteins are made up of what monomer? Is there a ratio of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen?

18. + Nucleic Acids

19. + Why are Nucleic Acids important? Instructions for making proteins Genetic information is passed from parent to offspring Made up of the monomer called Nucleotides (3 parts) 5-carbon sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen Base 2 types of Nucleic Acids DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid RNA – ribonucleic acid

20. + Nucleic Acids No ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen or Phosphates

21. + Nucleic Acids Identify the importance of Nucleic acids. Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide. What 2 macromolecules are made up of the nucleotide monomer.